Greenhouse gas and air pollutant precursor emissions have been increasing rapidly in India. Large uncertainties exist in emissions inventories and quantification of their uncertainties is essential for better understanding of the linkages among emissions and air quality, climate, and health. We use Monte Carlo methods to assess the uncertainties of the existing carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon mono...

President Obama faces an old challenge of creating a national energy policy. That policy will be designed with multiple objectives in mind. After a year of record oil prices that added to U.S. economic troubles, some want an energy policy that will maintain lower energy prices. With nearly 150,000 troops still in Iraq and tensions raised with Russia over the Georgian invasion, some want an ener...

Following the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union obligated itself to lower its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 20% below their 1990 level, by the year 2020. Carbon dioxide is the major GHG. To fulfill this obligation, the nations must meet the sustainability challenge of countering rising population plus affluence with the dematerialization of less energy per GDP plus the decarbonization of less...

Climate change occurs as a result of absorption of infrared radiation which heats the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas emissions can increase the earth’s average temperatures since the majority of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2). Fossil fuels have historically played a major role as the world’s primary source of energy and will continue to assume that role for at least the next few decades....

Road freight transportation is a major contributor to carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. Reducing these emissions in transportation route planning requires an understanding of vehicle emission models and their inclusion into the existing optimization methods. This paper provides a review of recent research on green road freight transportation.

Pollutant concentrations in the exhaust plumes of individual diesel trucks were measured at high time resolution in a highway tunnel in Oakland, CA, during July 2010. Emission factors for individual trucks were calculated using a carbon balance method, in which pollutants measured in each exhaust plume were normalized to measured concentrations of carbon dioxide. Pollutants considered here incl...

The UK Climate Change Bill proposes to establish legally binding targets for a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. This paper discusses the challenges posed by measuring progress towards this target. It takes as a premise that the conventional productionbased accounting framework, enshrined in the UNFCCC emissions accounting guidelines, is inappropriate for this task because it f...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risks and benefits to health of travel by bicycle, using a bicycle sharing scheme, compared with travel by car in an urban environment. DESIGN Health impact assessment study. SETTING Public bicycle sharing initiative, Bicing, in Barcelona, Spain. PARTICIPANTS 181,982 Bicing subscribers. Main outcomes measures The primary outcome measure was all cause mortality fo...

This paper assesses the technical and economic feasibility of a novel idea: Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas contributing to global warming, by combusting solid wastes with industrial oxygen mixed with recirculated flue gas. The process gas, consisting mosdy of carbon dioxide, would be compressed and used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects. By using municipal and...

This article presents a current and future energy situation in Libya. The electric power efficiency and operating hours in power plants are evaluated from 2005 to 2010. Carbon dioxide emissions in most of power plants are estimated. In 2005, the efficiency of steam power plants achieved a range of 20% to 28%. While, the gas turbine power plants efficiency ranged between 9% and 25%, this can be ...