Liquid carbonate-based electrolytes are widely used in lithium ion batteries today. Dry polymer electrolytes are potential candidates for use in secondary lithium batteries because of ease of fabrication, good electrochemical stability, low flammability and toxicity with the ability to form good interfacial contact with electrodes. Conductivity and mechanical properties of dry electrolytes, how...

A procedure is described for the calculation of activity and osmotic coefficients which is based upon a knowledge of the equilibria in solutl.on and assumed si.ngle-ion activity coefficients. The procedure permits one to introduce chemical equilibria of various types (ion-pairing, complexation, hydration, and hydrolysis) into a model which can be used to calculate values of the excess Gibbs ene...

We evaluated the use of ion-exclusion chromatographic systems for analyzing the behavior of inorganic ions (e.g., bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved silicate, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions) in a suburban river located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Carbonate, phosphate, and silicate ion concentrations were determined using ion-exclusion chromatograp...

Carboplatin, [Pt(NH3)2(CBDCA-O,O')], 1, where CBDCA is cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate, is in wide clinical use for the treatment of ovarian, lung, and other types of cancer. Because carboplatin is relatively unreactive toward nucleophiles, an important question concerning the drug is the mechanism by which it is activated in vivo. Using [1H,15N] heteronuclear single quantum coherance spectroscop...

[1] Dissolution of fossil fuel CO2 in seawater results in decreasing carbonate ion concentration and lowering of seawater pH with likely negative impacts for many marine organisms. We project detectable changes in carbonate dissolution and evaluate their potential to mitigate atmospheric CO2 and ocean acidification with a global biogeochemistry model HAMOCC forced by different CO2 emission scen...

In this paper, electrochemical behavior of epoxy paints embedded by modified calcium carbonate particles was investigated during exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) particles were utilized as inexpensive filler for epoxy paints. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization tests and pin-on-disk method w...

High precision measurements of Sr/Ca in planktonic foraminifera for the last 150 ka reveal Sr/Ca variations of up to 12% on glacial/interglacial time scales. Although records showing the largest variations appear to be strongly influenced by selective dissolution, other records show Sr/Ca variations of 3–5% that do not covary with indicators of dissolution intensity and that are reproduced in s...

Glass cell experiments were conducted to understand kinetics of iron carbonate scale formation in pure carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion of mild steel. Weight gain and loss (WGL) method was used as a direct approach to investigate kinetics of scale formation. The experiments were done at the temperatures of 60C to 90C, and an iron carbonate supersaturation range of 12 to 350. It is found that the ...

Synthetic apatites are widely used both in the dental and the orthopaedic fields due to their similarity in composition with the inorganic phase of hard tissues. Biologic apatites are not pure hydroxyapatite (HA), but are calcium-deficient apatites with magnesium and carbonate as minor but important substituents. The aim of the present study was to produce a more soluble biomaterial through the...