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from 1983 until 1987, 4177 outpatient urologic procedures were performed at shahid labbafi nejad medical center. 34% of the cases were open surgical, while 66% were endourologic procedures. there was no surgical complication related to the outpatient aspect of the procedure. rate of infection in open surgical cases was almost zero. the number of procedures was increased each succeeding year. al...

Interventional cardiologists implant stents every day. Stents are also used in numerous other medical disciplines such as plastic surgery, gastroenterology, urology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery.1–5 Uses range from rebuilding mandibles and other oral surgical procedures, constructing new ureters, keeping skin flaps, and as biliary conduits.6–11 What is the source of this word stent everyo...

Tachycardias after atrial incisions represent frequent and serious problem. The majority of them are based on a re-entry electrical activation around a combination of anatomic and surgically created obstacles. Considering significant progress of cardiovascular surgery during the last decade along with potential large amount of open-heart procedures in the near future the number of incisional ta...

Patients with coronary artery disease face increased risks when they undergo noncardiac surgery. This is attributable to the cardiovascular stress imposed by the surgical procedure and the effects of anesthetic agents on the cardiovascular system. Several approaches to managing patients with coronary artery disease before, during, and after noncardiac surgery include "prophylactic" myocardial r...