Membrane proteins are synthesized and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and continue their path to their site of residence along the secretory pathway. The COPII system has been identified as a key player for selecting and directing the fate of membrane and secretory cargo proteins. Selection of cargo proteins within the COPII vesicles is achieved by cargo receptors. The cornichon cargo...

We consider the problem faced by an airline that is flying both passengers and cargo over a network of locations on a fixed periodic schedule. Bookings for many classes of cargo shipments between origin-destination pairs in this network are made in advance, but the weight and volume of aircraft capacity available for cargo as well as the exact weight and volume of each shipment are not known at...

background:the zinc-finger x linked (zfx) gene encodes a transcription factor that acts as a regulator of self-renewal of stem cells. due to the role of zfx in cell growth, understanding zfx protein-protein interactions helps to clarify its proper biological functions in signaling pathways. the aim of this study is to define zfx protein-protein interactions and the role of zfx in cell growth. m...

in this paper, a method based on binary-coded genetic algorithm is proposed to explore an optimization method, for obtaining an optimal elliptical tank. this optimization method enhances the rollover threshold of a tank vehicle, especially under partial filling conditions. minimizing the overturning moment imposed on the vehicle due to c.g. height of the liquid load, lateral acceleration and ca...

In this work, we explored theoretically the transport of organelles driven along microtubules by molecular motors of opposed polarities using a stochastic model that considers a Langevin dynamics for the cargo, independent cargo-motor linkers and stepping motion for the motors. It has been recently proposed that the stiffness of the motor plays an important role when multiple motors collectivel...

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis takes place through the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pit (CCP). Despite the importance of this process to all mammalian cells, little is yet known about the interaction dynamics between cargo and CCPs. These interactions are difficult to study because CCPs display a large degree of lifetime heterogeneity and the interactions with ca...

Macromolecules are transported between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Large (more than approximately 40 kDa) transport cargoes imported into the nucleus typically form a complex with at least one soluble transport cofactor of the importin (Imp) beta superfamily. Many cargoes require an accessory cofactor, Imp alpha, which binds to Im...

This paper describes the Integrated Computerized Deployment System (ICODES) from both an architectural and evolutionary vantage point. First, ICODES is a logistic software application of ship load-planning tools that utilizes intelligent software agents in a human-computer collaborative mode. As an example of a new generation of intelligent military decision-support systems, ICODES includes exp...

The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains functionally distinct subdomains at which cargo molecules are packed into transport carriers. To study these ER export sites (ERES), we used tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf epidermis as a model system and tested whether increased cargo dosage leads to their de novo formation. We have followed the subcellular distribution of the known ERES marker ba...

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles within eukaryotic cells that post-translationally import folded proteins into their matrix. Matrix protein import requires a shuttle receptor protein, usually PEX5, that cycles through docking with the peroxisomal membrane, ubiquitination, and export back into the cytosol followed by deubiquitination. Matrix proteins associate with PEX5 in the cytosol a...