An attempt was made to produce carrier particles for dry powder inhalations by the surface treatment of lactose particles with aqueous ethanol solution. Drug/carrier powder mixtures were prepared consisting of lactose carriers with different particle surface properties and micronized salbutamol sulfate. These powder mixtures were aerosolized by Spinhaler, and in vitro deposition properties of s...

This article addresses the issue of when to suppress or not to suppress the transmitted carrier in designing a coherent communication system employing a carrier tracking loop for carrier synchronization. Assuming that a phase-locked loop (PLL) is used whenever there exists a residual carrier and a Costas loop is used whenever the carrier is suppressed, the regions of system parameters that deli...

A panel of chimeric carrier proteins was developed and screened for functional activity with essential enzymes involved in carrier protein-mediated biosynthesis. Regions on either side of the recognition helix II within three carrier proteins (CPs) from distinct biosynthetic pathways were swapped in all combinations to generate 24 mutated CPs. This panel of chimeric carrier proteins was tested ...

The carrier-within-a-carrier (CWC)dor “airline-within-an-airline” (AWA)dapproach has become an integral part of many airlines' marketing strategies in the AsiaePacific region where several full-service national airlines operate low-cost/low-fare subsidiary airlines. The CWC approach is a response to competition from low-cost carriers based on product differentiation, i.e., a ‘two brands’ busine...

The beta-alanine carrier was characterized functionally in the 1960s to 1980s at the luminal surface of the ileal mucosal wall and is a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent transporter of a number of essential and non-essential cationic and dipolar amino acids including lysine, arginine and leucine. beta-Alanine carrier-like function has not been demonstrated by any solute carrier transport system identi...

Dr. Todd Walter received his B. S. in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and his Ph.D. in 1993 from Stanford University. He is currently a Senior Research Engineer at Stanford University. He is a cochair of the WAAS Integrity Performance Panel (WIPP) focused on the implementation of WAAS and the development of its later stages. Key contributions include: early prototype development p...

Ultrafast differential transmission spectroscopy is used to explore temperature-dependent carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure. Electron-hole pairs are optically injected into the three dimensional GaAs barriers, after which we monitor carrier relaxation into the two dimensional InGaAs quantum wells and the zero dimensional InAs quantum dots by tuning the pr...

This paper presents a laser model for describing the effects of nonequilibrium carrier distributions. The approach is based on the coupled Maxwell-semiconductor-Bloch equations, with carrier–carrier and carrier–phonon collisions treated in the relaxation rate approximation. Using examples involving relaxation oscillation, current modulation, and optical injection, we demonstrate how the model c...

The carrier facilitated transport of lithium picrate was studied using a series of non-cyclic polyethers containing different end groups and chain lengths through Bulk Liquid Membrane (BLM) and Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) systems. The various membrane supports used are viz. PTFE, cellulose nitrate, and dialysis membrane and onion membrane. The amount of Li+ transported depends upon the stru...

Sustained infection of HeLa cells by Coxsackie B3 virus, dependent on presence of viral inhibitor in culture medium, was achieved. Persistent treatment of carrier cultures with anti-Coxsackie B3 hyperimmune monkey serum eventually eliminated virus from carrier cultures indicating that a lysogenic virus-cell relationship was not operative. Free virus was produced continuously by carrier cultures...