There are two common misconceptions about case-control studies: that matching in itself eliminates (controls) confounding by the matching factors, and that if matching has been performed, then a “matched analysis” is required. However, matching in a case-control study does not control for confounding by the matching factors; in fact it can introduce confounding by the matching factors even when...

Related cases may be included in case-control association studies if correlations between related individuals due to identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing are taken into account. We derived a framework to test for association in a case-control design including affected sibships and unrelated controls. First, a corrected variance for the allele frequency difference between cases and controls was dir...

In this paper some methodological problems particularly relevant to case-control studies of injury are illustrated by reference to previous childhood injury case-control studies. In contrast to studies of disease, where 'person time' constitutes the observational experience of interest, in injury studies person time engaged in a particular activity to often more appropriate. The implications fo...

A Bayesian approach to the estimation of an odds ratio from case-control data is considered. The exact posterior density of the odds ratio and its moments are derived. A log-normal approximation to the density is shown to be adequate for practical purposes. Mechanisms for setting prior parameters are discussed and some examples are presented.

The investigations which we will be discussing here form part of a programme whose objective is the design of computer systems in terms of support systems for users. This programme was initiated by an investigation aimed at designing a system for a data collection and coding station (Pinsky 1979). Since then, it has been applied to various work situations, in offices, services, the management o...

The majority of research in control engineering considers periodic or time-triggered control systems with equidistant sample intervals. However, practical cases abound in which it is of interest to consider event-driven control systems, where the sampling is event-triggered. Although there are various benefits of using event-driven control like reducing resource usage (e.g. processor and commun...

Causal Inference for Case-Control Studies by Sherri Rose Doctor of Philosophy in Biostatistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark van der Laan, Chair Case-control study designs are frequently used in public health and medical research to assess potential risk factors for disease. These study designs are particularly attractive to investigators researching rare diseases, as they a...

Randomized trials and observational studies, such as case-control studies, are often seen as opposing approaches. However, in many instances results obtained by different designs may complement each other. For instance, case-control studies on aetiology of disease may help to give the direction of future trials. In this commentary, the author discusses the purpose of randomization and observati...

Case-control studies occupy a central place in epidemiological research. The basic idea here is the comparison of a group (the “cases”) having the outcome of interest (normally some disease) with respect to a control group (those without disease) regarding one or more characteristics (exposure to certain external events). One of the early examples, which sparked a lot of debate in the fifties b...

The case-control study design, a common staple of epidemiology, is increasingly used to test for genetic association. The simplicity of the design accounts for both its appeal and its limitations. Too often, however, apparent controversy arises for lack of appreciation of basic tenets underlying statistical testing. Power and replication are two concepts most commonly ignored in evaluating such...