Environmental risks resulting from increasing application of herbicides have raised many concerns about human health and safety of agro ecosystems and environment. Hence, it is very important to find practical and effective methods for reducing the use of pesticides in environment as well as the increasing the efficiency of these compounds. Addition of adjuvants to spray solutions could be cons...

The purpose of this research work was to investigate the optimum operating conditions for biodiesel production from castor oil using a microwave. The Box–Behnken design of experiment was carried out using the Design Expert 7. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the influence of the process variables (molar ratio of methanol to castor oil, catalyst concentration, reaction ti...

Healthy and bold seeds of castor variety “Aruna” were collected. The de-hulled castor kernels were separated from seed coat and finely grounded in an electric grinder. The powdered kernels were passed through 60 mesh sieve and defatted using n-hexane in a soxhlet extractor. After complete extraction of oil seed meal was made free from solvent at low temperature. The defatted seed meal was pulve...

Ricinine (3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone) is a urinary biomarker that can be measured to confirm human exposure to castor bean products such as ricin. Because many consumer products contain castor oil, another castor bean product, ricinine may be detectable in the general population. The following study characterized urinary ricinine concentrations from 989 individuals who were presumed ...

Okara, soybean waste from tofu and soymilk production, was utilised as a natural antioxidant in soap formulation for stratum corneum application. D-optimal mixture design was employed to investigate the influence of the main compositions of okara soap containing different fatty acid and oils (virgin coconut oil A (24-28% w/w), olive oil B (15-20% w/w), palm oil C (6-10% w/w), castor oil D (15-2...

The Ship uses the MTU 16V956 TB 92 propulsion engine with a piston-type Mexican Hat combustion chamber. In general, crown is used on machines large torque. Besides that, shape in chamber also very influential formation of mixture fuel and air before process occurs. So it necessary to know about spray pattern biodiesel enviromental things (castor, coconut, cooking oil/MGB) this study, using Hat-...

Polyurethanes (PU) are an important class of materials used in various applications across industries. With increased global interest sustainable and environmentally benign packaging, there is high demand to replace traditional petroleum-based with renewable, bio-derived sources. This research developed PU adhesives for multilayer flexible food packaging using Physaria fendleri oil (formerly Le...

The LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) gene plays critically important regulatory roles during both early and late embryonic development. Here, we report the identification of the LEC2 gene from the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), and characterize the effects of its overexpression on gene regulation and lipid metabolism in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. LEC2 exists as a single-copy gene in castor be...

272 India accounts for 12-15% of world’s oilseed area, 7-8% of oilseeds output, 6-7% of vegetable oil production, 9-12% of vegetable oil import and 9-10% of vegetable oil consumption (Hegde, 2009). The country produces seven edible oilseed crops viz. groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesame, safflower and niger and two non edible oilseeds viz. castor and linseed. Though the diver...