A considerable amount of research on early bilingualism investigating the plasticity of the perceptual system in L2 learning has focused on the Catalan mid vowels /e/ and /ε/ [1,2,3]. This research has shown that even early Spanish-Catalan bilinguals who are highly proficient in Catalan exhibit an asymmetric behaviour in lexical decision tasks in which Catalan-dominant bilinguals obtain higher ...

In this study, we investigate which factors influence the linguistic distance of Catalan dialectal pronunciations from standard Catalan. We use pronunciations from three regions where the northwestern variety of the Catalan language is spoken (Catalonia, Aragon and Andorra). In contrast to Aragon, Catalan has an official status in both Catalonia and Andorra, which likely influences standardizat...

We offer an acoustic study of variation in the realization of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Catalan and Spanish. We consider the effects of phonological inventory (Catalan has a distinction between /s/ and /z/ that Spanish lacks) and position in word (i.e. effects of word boundaries). An analysis of a corpus of Map Task interviews in Catalan and Spanish revealed that Spanish word-medial a...

In this paper we define and study what we call the double Catalan monoid. This monoid is the image of a natural map from the 0-Hecke monoid to the monoid of binary relations. We show that the double Catalan monoid provides an algebraization of the (combinatorial) set of 4321-avoiding permutations and relate its combinatorics to various off-shoots of both the combinatorics of Catalan numbers and...

This paper describes a joint initiative of the Catalan and Spanish Government to produce Language Resources for the Catalan language. A similar methodology to the Basic Language Resource Kit (BLARK) concept was applied to determine the priorities on the production of the Language Resources. The paper shows the LR and tools currently available for the Catalan Language both for Language and Speec...

In this paper, we present an involution on some kind of colored k-ary trees which provides a combinatorial proof of a combinatorial sum involving the generalized Catalan numbers Ck,γ(n) = γ kn+γ ( kn+γ n ) . From the combinatorial sum, we refine the formula for k-ary trees and obtain an implicit formula for the generating function of the generalized Catalan numbers which obviously implies a Van...

In this note, we provide a bijection between a new collection of words on nonnegative integers of length n and Dyck paths of length 2n− 2, thus proving that this collection belongs to the Catalan family. The surprising key step in this bijection is the zeta map which is an important map in the study of q, t-Catalan numbers. Finally we discuss an alternative approach to this new collection of wo...

In this paper we introduce two new expansions for the generating functions of Catalan numbers and Motzkin numbers. The novelty of the expansions comes from writing the Taylor remainder as a functional of the generating function. We give combinatorial interpretations of the coefficients of these two expansions and derive several new results. These findings can be used to prove some old formulae ...

Recently Chen-Liang-Wang (Linear Algebra Appl. 471 (2015) 383–393) present some sufficient conditions for the total positivity of Catalan-Stieltjes matrices. Our aim is to provide a combinatorial interpretation of their sufficient conditions. More precisely, for any Catalan-Stieltjes matrix A we construct a digraph with a weight, which is positive under their sufficient conditions, such that ev...

Nowadays, more and more computations, in artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, and scientific computations to name a few, require complex data processing and sophisticated algorithms, which are NP hard. Solutions to such problems might range from succinct data representations to parallelized and incremental algorithms. In this paper Catalan related problems are discussed. For effic...