A main limitation of using conceptual models for predicting flow in ungauged catchments is the errors in identified relationships between calibrated conceptual parameters and known (or estimated) catchment descriptors. It is hypothesised here that these errors may be reduced if the modeller does not explicitly identify relationships, but applies all feasible models within a Bayesian averaging s...

The higher midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere are particularly sensitive to change due to the important role the 0°C isotherm plays in the phase of precipitation and intermediate storage as snow. An international intercatchment comparison program called North-Watch seeks to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of northern catchments to change by examining their hydrological and bio...

these four event types on the high-elevation Altiplano-Puna Plateau as well as in the main river catchments along the foothills of the Andes. Our results suggest that one to two particularly large squall lines per season, originating from northern Brazil, indirectly trigger large, long-lasting thunderstorms on the Altiplano Plateau. In general, we observe that extreme rainfall in the catchments...

the main aim of the current paper is to discuss the important effective variables, particularly synoptic patterns, in creating flood in masoule basin using flood discharge data in komadoul station during 20 year period (1984-2003). to achieve the aim, daily average and instantaneous maximum of discharge in mentioned station were used. data accuracy was done using the data for chomesghal station...

soil and water assessment tool model, swat, uses different layers of watershed data which out of soil layer is the important one. soil layer data should be extracted from detailed soil maps. in most developing countries including iran, these detailed maps are not available except for irrigation districts and rarely for dry land farming areas and also for some strategic places of development pur...

Natural resources such as waterbodies, public parks, and wildlife refuges attract people from varying distances on the landscape, creating social-ecological catchments. Catchments have provided great utility for understanding physical social relationships within specific disciplines. Yet, catchments are rarely used across disciplines, its application to understand complex spatiotemporal dynamic...

Hydrologic and biogeochemical signatures in intensively managed catchments: data synthesis and development of a passive surfacewater quality sampler." MS ii To Emily iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Even in physically based distributed hydrological models, various remaining parameters must be estimated for each sub-catchment. This can involve tremendous effort, especially when the number of sub-catchments is large and the applied hydrological model is computationally expensive. Automatic parameter estimation tools can significantly facilitate the calibration process. Hence, we combined the...