historically, central asia and the caucasus has been the source of important developments in the regional and global level. the whole geopolitical theories in the 20th and 21st century paid special attention to this area. geopolitical status of the region has posed challenges for residents and even neighbors of the region. these challenges can be described as the divergence factors. therefore, ...

Tipping is a widespread custom in which service patrons voluntarily give money, above and beyond the price of the service, to the workers who have served them. This study found that the greater a nation’s level of neuroticism the larger the number of service professions that it is customary to tip in that country. This finding provides some support for an anthropological theory that tipping evo...

At the end of the Middle Miocene the Caucasus represented a land forepart, the geographic position of which induced the development of peculiar flora and fauna in Eastern Georgia. On the territory of Eastern Georgia several reference fossil vertebrate sites are discovered, among them its worth mentioning Udabno (Maeotian), Dzedzvtakhevi (Maeotian), Iaghludja (Sarmatian-Maeotian), Kvabebi (Akcha...

A 51-year-old immigrant from the Caucasus had had chronic tophaceous gout for over 20 years, but had never been treated with anti-hyperuricemic drugs. He had developed large, multiple tophi in many locations, including both ankles and feet. The enormous size and unique location of the tophi caused considerable pain, and difficulty in standing and on walking. Since surgical removal of the tophi ...

Sex-selective abortion is not specific to Asia. Christophe Guilmoto and Géraldine Duthé explain why European countries in the Western Balkans and Southern Caucasus are affected too. Although the problem was described for the first time more than ten years ago, it is only now that the authorities in these countries and in Europe are starting to show concern. Masculinization of births in Eastern ...

after collapse of the soviet :union:, south caucasus countries (azerbaijan, armenia, georgia) gained independence. this independence was associated with tensions such as ethnic and territorial disputes. these conflicts contain kharabakh, abkhazia, and south ossetia which have remained unresolved till now. the main question is why these conflicts have remained unresolved and what conditions are ...

today regional integration has become the main source of concern for governments. in the era of globalization different parts of the world have formed regional groupings. realizing their geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic status, these regions have regional structures with various degrees of regionalism. geopolitical region of the caucasus is considered as one of the geopolitical regio...

the northwest iran comprises parts of two major biodiversity hotspots; irano-anatoli and caucasus. it is a mountainous transition realm between caucasus forest in the north, pontic forest of turkey in the west and central deserts of iranian plateau. this study was designed to determine rodent diversity in northwest iran. moreover, corridor and barrier features of the region were investigated, a...

Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses provide an essential backdrop to discussions of Late Middle Palaeolithic and Early Upper Palaeolithic patterns of mobility, land-use, and hunting, and the degree and manner(s) of Neanderthal and modern human competition within the southern Caucasus. Recent research at Ortvale Klde has documented the hunting of prime-age adult Capra caucasica and the org...

Introduced in the 1850s, military-public administration, along with institute of viceroyalty, was one main distinguishing features special administrative status Caucasus as part Russian Empire. Various aspects this system have been object historians’ research many times. However, period from 1880s to 1917 is still poorly studied. The article devoted analysis circumstances discussion, developmen...