Background: Spent caustic contains noxious components such as sulfide species and also high chemical oxygen demand content (COD). Oxidation of these materials to caustic and sulfate species is mostly the rate-controlling step within catalytic oxidation of spent caustic. Methods: In this study, the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of spent caustic and the regeneration methodology of the sulfidic...

We analyze the optical caustic produced by light refracted at the curved meniscus surrounding a cylindrical rod standing partially out of a liquid-filled container. When the rod is tilted from the vertical or when light is diagonally incident, the caustic is a four-cusped astroid with two of its cusps obscured by the rod's shadow. If a portion of the flat end of the rod is raised above the wate...

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is a non-wood and non-edible biorefinery resource extremely important for the development of dissolving pulp as material regenerated cellulose fiber. However, contains high amount xylan compared to hardwoods. This study aimed at finding suitable conditions producing good quality from moso stem using combination prehydrolysis non-sulfur alkali cooking elemen...

To maximize the number of planet detections, current microlensing follow-up observations are focusing on high-magnification events which have a higher chance of being perturbed by central caustics. In this paper, we investigate the properties of central caustics and the perturbations induced by them. We derive analytic expressions of the location, size, and shape of the central caustic as a fun...

It is well known that the geometrical optics approximation, generally valid for high-frequency fields, fails in the vicinity of a caustic. A systematic procedure of V. P. Maslov that remedies this situation will be reviewed in this paper. Maslov's method makes use of a representation of the geometrical optics field in the phase space M = X x K, where a point m = (x, •c) is a pair of a position ...

We present a real-time GPU caustics rendering technique in dynamic scenes under multiple directional lights taking into account light occlusion. Our technique renders caustics cast on receiver objects as well as volumetric caustics. We precompute caustic patterns of caustic objects for several directional lights and store them in caustic images. During the rendering, we interpolate the precompu...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare diet soda drinkers, regular soda drinkers, and individuals who do not regularly consume soda on clinically significant eating disorder psychopathology, including binge eating, overeating, and purging. METHOD Participants (n=2077) were adult community volunteers who completed an online survey that included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and ...

Caustic ingestion can produce a progressive and devastating injury to the oesophagus and stomach. Caustic material ingestion is most frequently encountered in children who accidentally swallowed caustic materials or in adults who ingested caustic materials for suicidal purposes.1,2 Alkaline caustics and acids are the commonest chemicals implicated in caustic burns. Stricture formation with inab...

In this article, it is proposed to use aluminum breakage scraps obtain green hydrogen through the aluminum–water reaction with caustic soda as a catalyst experimental research. From exothermic reaction, both and heat generated can be used. Due low price of chips, allows us produce below current that obtained using renewable energy sources electrolyzers. We have also developed process sustainabl...

The consequences of corrosion in the crude oil refining process cannot be ignored due to damage caused by equipment, and serious losses that result from that. Therefore, this research, methods controlling occurrence unit Najaf refinery for four types - API (28, 28.2, 29.2, 30.2) were studied. Chemicals added different quantities before during atmospheric distillation unit, where it was found th...