Replacement of individual P-loop residues with cysteines in rat skeletal muscle Na+ channels (SkM1) caused an increased sensitivity to current blockade by Cd2+ thus allowing detection of residues lining the pore. Simultaneous replacement of two residues in distinct P-loops created channels with enhanced and reduced sensitivity to Cd2+ block relative to the individual single mutants, suggesting ...

We have examined the relationships between Cd ion activity [Cd2+], in seawater, Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution and growth in the polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata. Organisms were exposed for 3 weeks to a range of [Cd2+] in a Cd-chelate buffer system. Cadmium accumulation and growth were monitored weekly for each exposure group and subcellular Cd distributions were determined at ...

In contrast to cyclin D1 nulls (cD1-/-), mice without cyclin D2 (cD2-/-) lack cerebellar stellate interneurons; the reason for this is unknown. In the present study in cortex, we found a disproportionate loss of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in cD2-/- mice. This selective reduction in PV subtypes was associated with reduced frequency of GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in pyramida...

An intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2, was identified. Mutagenesis and NMR analysis demonstrated that the CD2 binding region of CD2BP2 includes a 17-aa motif (GPY[orF]xxxxM[orV]xxWxxx GYF), also found in several yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins of unknown function. In Jur...

The human CD2 (T11) molecule is a 50-kD surface glycoprotein expressed on >95To of thymocytes and virtually all peripheral T lymphocytes that mediates both adhesion between these cells and their cognate partners, as well as subsequent activation events . Specific combinations of antibodies against the surface-bound molecule can activate IL-2-dependent T cell proliferation, helper T cell functio...

Cadmium accumulates in the vacuole of plant cells, but the mechanism driving its transport across the vacuole membrane is not understood. Here we present evidence for Cd2+ transport via a Cd2+/H+ antiport activity into tonoplast-enriched vesicles isolated from oat roots. Experimentally, accumulation of Cd2+ into vesicles could be driven by delta pH generated by either V-type ATPase or artificia...

Numerous substrates are tyrosine phosphorylated upon CD2 stimulation of human Jurkat T cells using a mitogenic pair of CD2 monoclonal antibodies, including the phospholipase C (PLC)gamma-1-p35/36 complex. Most of these substrates are identically tyrosine phosphorylated after CD3 ligation, suggesting that both stimuli share the same biochemical pathway. We show, however, in this report that a 63...

It has been proposed that CD2, which is highly expressed on T cells, serves to enhance T cell-antigen presenting cell (APC) adhesion and costimulate T cell activation. Here we analyzed the role of CD2 using CD2-deficient mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing a T cell receptor specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-derived peptide p33. We found that absence of CD2 on T cel...

Three Ca(2+)-dependent procedures known to increase cation permeability of red blood cell membranes were tested with Cd2+ ions which equal Ca2+ ions both in their charge and the crystal radius, 1. Increase of non-selective permeability for monovalent cations by incubating the red cells in a Ca(2+)-free sucrose medium. Addition of Cd2+ to the suspension of leaky cells failed to restore the initi...

Biological desulfurization processes of landfill gas yield an enormous amount biologically produced S (BPS) as a byproduct. Capability BPS to remove Cd2+ from aqueous solutions was tested and its removal efficiency compared that granular activated carbon (GAC). Kinetics by two-stage process with initial rapid adsorption showing 45% removed within 5 min, followed slower adsorption. Cadmium onto ...