Mushroom transformation requires a series of experimental steps, including generation of host strains with a desirable selective marker, design of vector DNA, removal of host cell wall, introduction of foreign DNA across the cell membrane, and integration into host genomic DNA or maintenance of an autonomous vector DNA inside the host cell. This review introduces limitations and obstacles relat...

We construct the supersymmetric extensions of the Darboux-Bäcklund transformations (DBTs) for the Manin-Radul super KdV hierarchy using the super-pseudo-differential operators. The elementary DBTs are triggered by the gauge operators constructed from the wavefunctions and adjoint wavefunctions of the hierarchy. Iterating these elementary DBTs, we obtain not only Wronskian type but also binary t...

We present direct measurements of a new geometric phase acquired by optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum. This phase arises when the transverse mode of a beam is transformed following a closed path in the space of modes. The measurements were done via the interference of two copropagating optical beams that pass through the same interferometer parts but acquire different geometric ph...

We construct the supersymmetric extensions of the Darboux-Bäcklund transformations (DBTs) for the Manin-Radul super KdV hierarchy using the super-pseudo-differential operators. The elementary DBTs are triggered by the gauge operators constructed from the wave functions and adjoint wave functions of the hierarchy. Iterating these elementary DBTs, we obtain not only Wronskian type but also binary...

This article presents a computational model of the process through which the human visual system transforms reflectance spectra into perceptions of color. Using physical reflectance spectra data and standard human cone sensitivity functions we describe the transformations necessary for predicting the location of colors in the Munsell color space. These transformations include quantitative estim...

Ecological data analysis often involves fitting linear or nonlinear equations to data after transforming either the response variable, the right side of the equation, or both, so that the standard suite of regression assumptions are more closely met. However, inference is usually done in the natural metric and it is well known that retransforming back to the original metric provides a biased es...

We study Darboux-Bäcklund transformations (DBTs) for the q-deformed Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy by using the q-deformed pseudodifferential operators. We identify the elementary DBTs which are triggered by the gauge operators constructed from the (adjoint) wave functions of the hierarchy. Iterating these elementary DBTs we obtain not only q-deformed Wronskian-type but also binary-type representa...

The problem considered in this article is: ‘for given finite system of convex polygons in the plane which have no transversal, find such homothety transformations of polygons (having fixed centres inside given polygons) with minimal similarity ratio c > 1 that the transformed system has a transversal’. We prove that in this ‘minimal configuration’, we can always find three polygons (two of them...

This paper considers transformations in regression to eliminate skewness and heteroscedasticity of the response. We work with the "transform-both-sides" model where the relationship between the 'lledian response and the independent varibles has been identified, at least tentatively. To preserve this relationship, the response and the regression model are transformed in the same way. Extending t...