Single-celled organisms monitor cell geometry and use this information to control cell division. Such geometry-sensing mechanisms control both the decision to enter into cell division and the physical orientation of the chromosome segregation machinery, suggesting that signals controlling cell division may be linked to the mechanisms that ensure proper chromosome segregation.

The aim of this paper is to present a model of how systems can organise into multi-celled communities based around the biological concept of mutualism (Boucher, 1985). The resulting model will be shown to be applicable to understanding phenomena in a variety of domains including economics, sociology, and other environments where simple units are subject to local and global forces. The paper que...

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) have been implicated in a variety of plant development processes including sexual plant reproduction. As a crucial developmental event, plant sexual reproduction generally occurs inside an ovule embedded in an ovary. The inaccessibility of the egg cells, zygotes, and embryos has hindered our understanding of the importance of AGPs in the early events involving fe...