Breakthroughs in cell fate conversion have made it possible to generate large quantities of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Due to multiple advantages of peripheral blood cells over fibroblasts from skin biopsy, the use of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) instead of skin fibroblasts will expedite reprogramming research and broaden the application of reprogramming technology. Thi...

modulation to improve reprogramming outcomes. Daley, Collins and colleagues illustrated this function in the transcription factor–mediated conversion of murine B cells to macrophages. Finally, they used CellNet to argue that previously reported murine iHep cells should be reclassified as endodermal progenitors rather than as liver cells. As the researchers recognize, there are many potential co...

This work presents an automatic tuning method for the discontinuous component of the Sliding Mode Generalized Predictive Controller (SMGPC) subject to constraints. The strategy employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize a second aggregated cost function. The continuous component is obtained by the standard procedure, by Quadratic Programming (QP), thus yielding an online dual optimiz...

Birandom programming (BRP) is an important class of uncertain programming models, and its interesting applications can be found in the literature. In this paper, we further develop this issue and present a new solution method for two-stage BRP problems, which is a kind of expected value models. Based on the concept of birandom variables, we first build two-stage BRP problems, and then discuss s...

In January 2014, it was reported that strong external stimuli, such as a transient low-pH stressor, was capable of inducing the reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells, resulting in the generation of pluripotent cells. This cellular reprograming event was designated 'stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency' (STAP) by the authors of these reports. However, after multiple instances of sci...

Although somatic cell reprogramming to generate inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is associated with profound epigenetic changes, the roles and mechanisms of epigenetic factors in this process remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Jmjd3 as a potent negative regulator of reprogramming. Jmjd3-deficient MEFs produced significantly more iPSC colonies than did wild-type cells, whereas e...

Mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) pose a risk for their clinical use due to preferential reprogramming of mutated founder cell and selection of mutations during maintenance of iPSCs in cell culture. It is unknown, however, if mutations in iPSCs are due to stress associated with oncogene expression during reprogramming. We performed whole exome sequencing of human foreski...

A central hallmark of cancer cells is the reprogramming of cellular metabolism to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Here, we report that the miR-17∼92 microRNA (miRNA) cluster is an oncogenic driver of tumor metabolic reprogramming. Loss of miR-17∼92 in Myc(+) tumor cells leads to a global decrease in tumor cell metabolism, affecting both glycolytic and mitocho...

Diverse cell types can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by ectopic expression of Oct4 (Pou5f1), Klf4, Sox3, and Myc. Many of these induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain memory, in terms of DNA methylation and histone modifications (epigenetic memory), of their cellular origins, and this may bias subsequent differentiation. Neurons are difficult to reprogram, and there has not...

Abstract Many bacteria form the second messenger nucleotide cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP). This molecule is essential for many of that produce it due to its central role in control potassium and osmolyte homeostasis. Moreover, under conditions starvation, a c-di-AMP target protein can trigger (p)ppGpp accumulation thus global reprogramming cellular activities. formed by pathogens binds human STING t...