azita emami department of nursing, karolinska institute, huddinge, sweden, sweden; research and development unit, stockholm sjukhem foundation, mariebergsgatan, sweden fazlolah ghofranipour department of health education, tarbiat modarres university, ir iran fazlolah ahmadi department of health education, tarbiat modarres university, ir iran negin masoudi alavi trauma nursing research center, kashan university of medical sciences, ir iran +98-3615550021, [email protected]; trauma nursing research center, kashan university of medical sciences, ir iran +98-3615550021, [email protected]