Sjögren's syndrome is a common autoimmune rheumatic disease. The most common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome are extreme tiredness, along with dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Saliva plays an essential role in numerous functions of the mouth. Xerostomia can be caused by medications, chronic diseases like Sjögren's syndrome, and medical treatments, such as radiati...

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the risk of cardiovascular diseases among users of both inhaled (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) and oral (oxybutynin and propantheline, solifenacin, tolterodine) anticholinergics. METHOD A retrospective study was undertaken on data obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from subjects who had received either an inhaled or oral ...

BACKGROUND This study examines the effect of initiating medications with anticholinergic activity on the cognitive functions of older persons. METHODS Participants were 896 older community-dwelling, Catholic clergy without baseline dementia. Medication data was collected annually. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale was utilized to identify use of a medication with probable or definite...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Reduced clinical effect on cognitive decline in dementia by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) may be due to concurrent use of drugs with anticholinergic properties. The aim was to analyze the incidence of AChEI use and comedication with drugs with anticholinergic properties and other potential unfavorable effects. METHODS A prospective study applying drug use data from ...

Poorer neuropsychological function is associated with increased medical burden (MB) and the use of more anticholinergic medications. However, the interaction between MB and anticholinergic cognitive burden (AB) on neuropsychological performance is unknown. In a sample of 290 elderly primary care patients, those with a greater level of AB demonstrated poorer Total Index performance on the Repeat...

BACKGROUND Review of recent journal articles and various relevant current textbooks provides strong evidence to show that anticholinergic burden is a material issue in frail and at-risk patients. This study assesses the anticholinergic burden in a group of patients in residential care facilities and then applies a theoretical intervention model. It is based on a scoring system known as the Anti...

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition affecting a disproportionate number of older women in the United States. Anticholinergic medications are the preferred treatment; however, a single anticholinergic agent has not emerged as the best treatment option. OnabotulimumtoxinA appears effective in the treatment of urgency urinary incontinence; however, it has led to incomplete voiding and th...

The role of central alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in cataplexy was investigated in genetically narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. Treatment of narcoleptic dogs with 25-600 micrograms/kg prazosin, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker, exacerbated cataplexy, whereas treatment with the alpha-1 agonist, methoxamine, ameliorated it. Subsequent studies showed that the beneficial effects of cla...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Published papers and abstracts. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled trials with anticholinergic drug treatment in one arm and placebo in another. DATA EXTRACTION Primary outcomes of interest were pati...

Introduction: Evaluation of persistent vertigo in post infarct patients is very important as the management depends on whether the cause is purely of central origin or due to associated vestibular affliction.   Case Report: A patient with left sided dorsolateral medullary syndrome and persistent vestibular symptoms was evaluated. Vestibular test battery showed abnormal smooth pursuit, bilateral...