Abstract Achieving the goals of Paris Agreement and climate neutrality by 2050 in European Union will require mobilizing financial investments towards clean energy innovation. This study examines role internal finance (cash flows cash holdings) financing constraints for innovation technologies. We construct a dataset 1,300 firms combining balance-sheet information patenting activities renewable...

An “acoustic vector sensor” (also known as a “vector hydrophone” in underwater or sea-surface applications) is composed of three orthogonally oriented uni-axial particle-velocity sensors, plus a “pressure-sensor” (i.e., a microphone or a hydrophone)—all collocated in a point-like spatial geometry. (This collocated setup is versatile for direction finding, because its azimuth-elevation spatial r...

Direction finding is an important issue for bistatic MIMO radar. A two-dimensional direction finding method with automatic pairing is developed. In the presented method, the property of the kronecker product is first utilized to reformulate the cost function in the quadratic form. Then, by constructing the orthogonality constraint of the target DOA to the quadratic form, all target DODs can be ...