in this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. the nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 khz. the induction method was used for charging the output droplets. all experiments w...

Lithium diffusion is a key factor in determining the charge/discharge rate of Li-ion batteries. Herein, we study tracer coefficient lithium ions c-axis oriented LiCoO2 thin film using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

We examine the dephasing rate of a Josephson charge qubit system due to background charge fluctuations. We consider single qubit and two-charge traps. The transition probability was controlled to a state where two traps were occupied. The transition probability was affected by the Coulomb blockade effect that occurs between two charge traps. To obtain the dephasing rate, we computed the spectra...

background: diabetic nephropathy (dn) is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. now-a-days, cystatin c (cysc) is introduced as a new marker for diagnosis of renal damages; however, use of this marker in clinical laboratories is still controversial. the present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum cysc for early detection or monitoring treatment of kid...

Results of studying the instability of the gain of FEU-115M photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at a varying counting rate corresponding to the range of the anode current of 0.02–120 μA are presented. It is shown that the behavior and value of the gain instability for different samples of this PMT type substantially differs when the counting rate changes. The relative change in the gain of some PMTs r...

This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) multiphysics aging model 500 mAh high-energy lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite negative electrode lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) positive electrode. includes electrochemical reactions for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at electrode, plating, SEI ...