PURPOSE The condition in which visual hallucinations (VHs) are solely associated with a visual impairment is termed Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). The study was undertaken to investigate whether the extent of visual acuity (VA) loss and central visual field loss predisposes a patient with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to develop a CBS VH and, in addition, whether the progression in los...

Purpose To report a case of closed-eye visualizations and to clarify the different types of hallucinations and their etiologies. Methods Retrospective case report of a patient with closed-eye visualizations secondary to hyponatremia. Clinical findings, physical exam, laboratory assessment, treatment, and disease course from the patient's hospitalization were used in creating this report. Foll...

Pattern completion in a neural network model of the thalamus and a biologically plausible model of synaptic plasticity are the key concepts used in this paper for analyzing some cognitive disorders that involve hallucinations of several kinds: visual hallucinations in the Charles Bonnet syndrome and psychedelic drugs consumption, somatic hallucination in phantom limbs, cognitive hallucinations ...

We have set out to identify phenomenological correlates of cerebral functional architecture within Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) hallucinations by looking for associations between specific hallucination categories. Thirty-four CBS patients were examined with a structured interview/questionnaire to establish the presence of 28 different pathological visual experiences. Associations between categ...

OBJECTIVE To present an eight-case serie of patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). METHOD All patients were initially evaluated by an ophthalmologist and then submitted to a neurologic evaluation with exclusion of alternative psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses. RESULTS Five patients were male (62.5%) and the mean age was 52.3+16.0 years. Two patients suffered from severe myopia and ...

In 1936, two clinical reviews, one by de Morsier, the other by L'Hermitte and de Ajuriaguerra, formulated an approach to visual hallucinations that continues to this day. Breaking with previous traditions, the papers championed visual hallucinations as worthy of study in their own right, de-emphasizing the clinical significance of their visual contents and distancing them from visual illusions....