PKG activator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT) at reperfusion protects ischemic hearts, but the mechanism is unknown. We recently proposed that in preconditioned hearts PKC lowers the threshold for adenosine to initiate signaling from low-affinity A2b receptors during early reperfusion thus allowing endogenous adenosine to activate survival kinases phosphatidyli...

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the vasculature, resulting in contraction. The mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. G protein-coupled receptors can activate Erk MAPK pathways through a variety of mechanisms, including stimulation of Src, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3-K), protein kinase C ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The thaliana phytoalexin Camalexin has been proposed for the treatment of malignancy. Camalexin counteracts tumor growth in part by stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine tra...

Incubation of endothelial cells in vitro with high concentrations of glucose activates protein kinase C (PKC) and increases nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) gene expression as well as superoxide production. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this issue in an in vivo model, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in rats. Streptozotocin treatment led to endothelial dysfunction ...

Data obtained from adult cohorts has implicated activation/translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-ε as an important cellular mediator of myocardial infarct size reduction with ischemic preconditioning (PC). Age-related alterations in cellular signaling may, however, confound the extrapolation of mechanistic insight derived from adults to the aging population – the specific subset in which card...

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics and regular ethanol consumption induce cardioprotection mimicking ischemic preconditioning. We investigated whether sevoflurane enhances ethanol preconditioning and whether inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels attenuated this enhanced cardioprotection. The effects of regular ethanol consumption on expression of inducible (iNOS) a...

We investigated the regulation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) currents in murine colonic myocytes with patch-clamp techniques. Pinacidil (10(-5) M) activated inward currents in the presence of high external K(+) (90 mM) at a holding potential of -80 mV in dialyzed cells. Glibenclamide (10(-5) M) suppressed pinacidil-activated current. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; 2 x 10(-7) M) inhibited pina...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB regulate synaptic plasticity. TrkB triggers three downstream signaling pathways; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) and Mitogen activated protein kinases/Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK). We previously showed two distinct mechanisms whereby BDNF-TrkB pathway controls trafficking of PSD-95,...