BACKGROUND Introduction of Vibrio cholerae to Haiti during the deployment of United Nations (UN) peacekeepers in 2010 resulted in one of the largest cholera epidemics of the modern era. Following the outbreak, a UN-commissioned independent panel recommended three pre-deployment intervention strategies to minimize the risk of cholera introduction in future peacekeeping operations: screening for ...

BACKGROUND Nonadherence to chemoprophylaxis could explain why some travelers get malaria. Adherence is notoriously difficult to assess, and most studies have been conducted using questionnaires. This study aims at assessing continuous adherence more accurately with the help of an electronic pillbox. METHODS Adult travelers to sub-Saharan Africa had to fill a questionnaire on demographic and t...

BACKGROUND Sri Lanka has been free from indigenous malaria since November 2012 and received the WHO certificate for malaria-free status in September 2016. Due to increased global travel, imported malaria cases continue to be reported in the country. Military personnel returning home from international peace-keeping missions in malaria endemic countries represent a key risk group in terms of imp...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 9, September 2007 1429 niazid chemoprophylaxis due to resistance of the infecting organism. Decreased susceptibility to isoniazid among M. kansasii isolates is common (7,8), and this microorganism is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide (9). This pattern of resistance is a serious obstacle for the use of these drugs in monotherapy or ...

BACKGROUND For all medications, there is a trade-off between benefits and potential for harm. It is important for patient safety to detect drug-event combinations and analyze by appropriate statistical methods. Mefloquine is used as chemoprophylaxis for travelers going to regions with known chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. As such, there is a concern about serious adverse ev...

The pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in preschool children with anatomically correct urinary tract (UT) is rather obscure. In girls, the bladder wall changes of cystitis cystica (CC) may be per se responsible for UTIs recurrence. During the 20-year period, 127 preschool children (125 girls; median age: 6.1 years) with CC, in whom UT anomalies were excluded, were diagnos...

BACKGROUND Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil. Although the overall number of new cases is declining, there are still areas with a high disease burden, such as Pará State in the north of the country. We aim to predict future trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) and explore the potential impact of contact tracing and chemoprophylaxis on NCDR in Pará State. METHODS We used SI...