OBJECTIVE To assess whether differences between individual Preventive Child Health Care (PCH) professionals in the percentage of children they identify as having psychosocial problems are larger than expected based on chance and whether such differences can be explained by differences in parent-reported problems or risk indicators. STUDY DESIGN We used data from three community-based studies ...

Neurological development is largely a result of the learning that takes place starting at birth and during the earliest years of life. Child Care and Preschool Education Programs are key to predicting ultimate success in school and life. Children who attend preschool or other early education programs have enhanced cognitive, verbal, and social development (which is maintained into the first few...

Relations between early child care and adolescent functioning at the end of high school (EOHS; M age = 18.3 years) were examined in a prospective longitudinal study of 1,214 children. Controlling for extensive measures of family background, early child care was associated with academic standing and behavioral adjustment at the EOHS. More experience in center-type care was linked to higher class...

The children of the cost, quality, and outcomes study go to school: Executive summary. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS W E WOULD LIKE TO THANK the directors, principals, administrators, and teachers who graciously gave their time to this study and let us visit their child care centers, schools, and classrooms. We would also like to thank the children and families who participated in this study. We have been ve...

Objective. African American children exposed to multiple social risk factors during early childhood often experience academic difficulties, so identification of protective factors is important. Design. Academic and school behavior trajectories from kindergarten through third grade were studied among 75 African American children who have been followed prospectively since infancy to test hypothes...

Introduction Well-child care is a core service of primary care with the overall goal of promoting the physical health, cognitive growth, and emotional well-being of children. Leaders in child health care recommend that to achieve this goal, primary care physicians use a parent-centered approach, with a focus on the parent–child relationship in the context of family, culture, and community. To m...

Since the 1920s Mongolia has developed an extensive and well-staffed health care system that has made modern health technologies accessible to most of its population. In addition, the country experienced rapid economic and social development whose benefits were equitably distributed among the population. In spite of this progress, infant and child mortality levels are high by contemporary stand...

The use of child care has expanded dramatically as maternal employment has increased. Recent estimates of children age 5 or younger in regular child care arrangements range from 60 to 75 percent (Hofferth et al. 1998; and Smith 2000). With the implementation of new welfare regulations, such as work requirements and time limits on cash assistance, the proportion of young children in out-of-home ...

Child Care Assistance: Are Subsidies or Tax Credits Better? We evaluate price subsidies and tax credits for child care. We focus on partnered women’s labor supply, household income and welfare, demand for formal and informal child care and government expenditure. Using Australian data, we estimate a joint, discrete structural model of labor supply and child care demand. We introduce two methodo...

IMPORTANCE Maternal depression is a major risk factor for the development of children's mental health problems. No population-based study to date has examined whether early child care spanning the full preschool period from infancy onward is protective for children of depressed mothers. OBJECTIVE To examine whether early child care moderates associations between maternal depressive symptoms (...