Pine nut is a nutrient-rich food with a beneficial impact on human health. The many bioactive constituents of pine nut interact synergistically to affect human physiology in a favorable way. However, pine nut can trigger dangerous allergic reactions. Severe anaphylactic reactions to pine nut accounted for most of the 45 cases reported in the scientific literature. Pine nut allergy seems to be c...

Seasonal changes in freezing stress resistance of needles of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees were measured by an electrolyte leakage method and by visual observation. During most of the year, freezing stress resistance determined by the two methods gave similar results. The electrolyte leakage method provided a good estimate of seasonal changes in fre...

Whitebark pine is an important component of high elevation ecosystems in the western United States and Canada. Many wildlife species, including grizzly and black bears, squirrels, and birds, forage on the large, wingless seed. Whitebark pine relies heavily upon the Clark's nutcracker for seed dispersal and regeneration. Due to fire exclusion, white pine blister rust, and the mountain pine beetl...

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is an important conifer in much of the southeastern United States. However, the species and its associated ecosystems are in decline, and recent evidence about hybridization with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) raises concerns that the species may be at risk of further losses due to introgression. Although shortleaf pine is not widely planted for timber prod...

The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., mortality in much of western North America. This study was designed to quantify relationships between western pine beetle trap catches [including those of its primary invertebrate predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleop...

1 Gilmour JR. Giant cell chronic arteritis. J Pathol 1941;53:263. 2 Arnung K, Nielsen IL. Temporal arteritis and gangrene of the tongue. Acta Med Scand 1979;206:239-40. 3 Reboul M, Boissonnas A, Cachin M. Necrose du cuir chevelu et de la langue relevant une malaide de Horton. Nouv Presse Med 1975;4:1971-8. 4 Dufetelle JP, Tapie B. Necrose linguale au cours d'une maladie de Horton. Rev Stomatol ...

chronology of northwestern iran is principally based on archeological excavations of the area located around urmia lake. although plain and filled with water, and the outcomes of these excavations are extended to the whole northwestern region. however, northwestern iran despite having geographical diversities with mountainous plains and low stretches, systematic and comprehensive studies have b...

Longleaf pine once was present on 90 million acres of the southern landscape, ranging from coastal Virginia to east Texas and from central Florida to the mountains of Alabama. On nearly two-thirds of that area, longleaf pine grew in nearly pure (single-species) stands maintained by frequent, low-intensity surface fires of both natural and human origin. The remaining one-third of that area was s...

The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., mortality in much of western North America. This study was designed to quantify relationships between western pine beetle trap catches [including those of its primary invertebrate predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleop...

Tannin extracts were prepared from barks of maritime pine (Pinus maritimus), aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and from a mixture of barks of different pine species (Pinus spp., namely 20% black pine (Pinus thunbergii)+ 30% Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) + 20% maritime pine (Pinus maritimus) + 10% Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) + 5% Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) +...