Despite being considered a model organism in toxicity studies, particularly in assessing the environmental impact of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other chemicals, the molecular basis of development is largely unknown in Chironomus riparius. We have characterized the expression patterns of important genes involved in the ecdysone pathway from embryos to pupa, but specially during th...

Dispersion or dilution of stool by water from heavy rainfall may affect Strongyloides stercoralis free-living development producing infective filariform larvae (FL). This study examined effect of water dilution of stool on survival of S. stercoralis free-living development. One g of stool was prepared in water so that its soluble component was diluted sequentially from 1:2 to 1:480. Three dishe...

The four histones of the nucleosome core particle are all subject to enzyme-catalysed, post-translational acetylation at defined lysine residues in their amino-terminal domains. Much circumstantial evidence suggests a role for this process in modifying chromatin structure and function, but detailed mechanisms have not been defined. To facilitate studies on the functional significance of histone...

I N recent years substantial information has been gained concerning the size and topology of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules of viruses (for reviews see VINOGRAD and LEBOWITZ 1966; COHEN 1967; THOMAS and MACHATTIE 1967) , bacterial plasmic and sex factor (ROTH and HELINSKI 1967; HICKSON, ROTH and HELINSKI 1967), Mycciplasma hominis (BODE and MOROWITZ 1967), bacteria (CAIRNS 1963) and mito...

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The mouthpart deformities of chironomid larvae are considered as indicators of environmental stress caused by water pollution such as heavy metals, pesticides, but as well by organic contamination. In the present study larvae from the side channels of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta were investigated. The chironomid community of the channels are dominated by species of the genera Goeldichiron...

In this study, laboratory experiments have addressed the acute toxicity of two common mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), in a range freshwater organisms (including rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus, insects Chironomus riparius (larvae), crustaceans Daphnia pulex Thamnocephalus platyurus, cnidarians Hydra vulgaris, molluscs Lymnaea stagnalis (embryos) Protozoa Tetrahymena the...

Social animals commonly form aggregates that exhibit emergent collective behaviour, with group dynamics that are distinct from the behaviour of individuals. Simple models can qualitatively reproduce such behaviour, but only with large numbers of individuals. But how rapidly do the collective properties of animal aggregations in nature emerge with group size? Here, we study swarms of Chironomus ...

Two forms, CtUSP-1 and CtUSP-2, of the Chironomus tentans homolog of Ultraspiracle (new nomenclature: Chironomus NR2B4) were described and verified as components of the functional ecdysteroid receptor. The two forms differed from each other in the most N-terminal regions of the A/B domain and were tested for several properties. Both forms showed the ability to heterodimerize with CtEcR and inte...