A three-year-old neutered male toy fox terrier presented for a Chiari-like malformation. No neurological deficits were found on examination, although diffuse cervical, thoracolumbar and head pain were present. A mass within the fourth ventricle was apparent on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The lesion was hyperintense to brain parenchyma on T2-weighted images, hypointense on T1-...

BMPs have been proposed to pattern the medial-lateral axis of the telencephalon in a concentration-dependent manner, thus helping to subdivide the embryonic telencephalon into distinct forebrain regions. Using a CRE/loxP genetic approach, we tested this hypothesis by disrupting the Bmpr1a gene in the telencephalon. In mutants, BMP signaling was compromised throughout the dorsal telencephalon, b...

Techniques of in vitro receptor autoradiography were used to visualize binding of 125I-insulin on slices of frozen rat brain. Slide-mounted sections of frozen rat brain were incubated in 0.05 nM porcine 125I-monoiodoinsulin, alone or mixed with 1 microM unlabeled porcine insulin, ribonuclease, or glucagon, for 2 h at 22 degrees C. The labeled brain slices were apposed to LKB Ultrofilm to genera...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy individuals contains between 1,000 and 3,000 leukocytes per ml. Little is known about trafficking patterns of leukocytes between the systemic circulation and the noninflamed CNS. In the current study, we characterized the surface phenotype of CSF cells and defined the expression of selected adhesion molecules on vasculature in the choroid plexus, the subar...

33 The choroid plexus epithelium forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and 34 accumulates essential minerals and heavy metals. Choroid plexus is cited as being a ‘sink’ for 35 heavy metals and excess minerals, serving to minimize accumulation of these potentially toxic 36 agents in the brain. Understanding of how low doses of contaminant metals might alter transport 37 of other solutes in...

This video presentation was created to show a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures, not residing within the brain proper, that support forebrain function. They are the cerebral surface (superficial) vasculature along with associated meninges (MAV) and the choroid plexus which are necessary for cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. The t...

This is a case report of unusual case of choroid plexus cyst at the right foramen of Monro in the anterior third ventricle that caused unilateral obstructive hydrocephalus. The value of small-FOV thin-section MR imaging in the diagnosis of small lesions of the foramen of Monroe is demonstrated. The immunohistochemical findings in choroid epithelial cysts in comparison with those of other types ...

Choroid plexus and intestinal microvilli in thin sections have microfilaments in the cytoplasm adjacent to the membranes, and in replicas have broken strands of filaments in both cytoplasm and on E faces of plasm membranes. The microfilaments contain actin as indicated by their binding of heavy meromyosin (HMM). In sections of choroid plexus, the microfilaments are 7-8 nm in diameter and form a...

Background Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are rare brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Although the role of surgery has been well established, the question of whether chemotherapy improves the prognosis is still under discussion. Methods We created a database of all cases of choroid plexus tumors (CPT) reported in the literature up to the year 2004 to determine prognostic factors and differe...

The arachnoid granulations or villi are not always present in lower mammals and even in human late prenatal fetus. They grow in number and size with advanced age, and thus it seems appropriate to regard them as safety-valves for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to be prevented from its hypertension accompanied by the age and by the increasing volume of the brain. Using 2 macaque monkeys and 12 rat...