Neurosurgeons have been trying to reduce surgical invasiveness by applying minimally invasive keyhole approaches. Therefore, this paper clarifies the detailed surgical technique, its limitations, proper indications, and contraindications for a superciliary keyhole approach as a minimally invasive modification of a pterional approach. Successful superciliary keyhole surgery for unruptured aneury...

Studies on nucleic acid metabolism often require the analytical separation of nucleic acid derivatives and are facilitated by chromatographic methods which are rapid and convenient. Column chromatography on ion exchange resins (1)) paper chromatography (2)) and paper electrophoresis (3) are among the methods used routinely for such separations. Even though these techniques have been employed wi...

Pesticide poisoning is one of the most common instances deaths in every agriculture-dependent country may it be form suicidal or homicidal cases. Traditional classes pesticides like Organophosphates, Organochlorides and Carbamates have given way to newer class known as synthetic Pyrethroids. Some Pyrethroids Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin Fenavalerate are increasingly being encountered routinely us...

Bioactive natural products are those chemical compounds produced by living organisms that exert a biological effect on other organisms. This includes therapeutic activity for humans and animals, and well-being and in contrary toxic activity for human and animal. Variation in content of bioactive components depends upon both genetics and environment, including growing conditions, harvest and sto...

background ziziphora tenuior l. known as kakuti in persian, is used in traditional medicine for fever, dysentery, uterus infection and as an analgesic. it is used also in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders as carminative, or remedy of diarrhea or nausea. major components of plant essential oil including pulegone, isomenthone, thymol, menthone, and piperitone are suggested to be respons...

background aflatoxins are one of the most potent toxic substances that occur naturally. nowadays extensive attention has been taken to their existence in food and environment, as there is the possibility of harm to humans following chronic exposure to extremely low levels via food chain. aflatoxin m1 (afm1) is a hepatic carcinogenic metabolite found in the milk of lactating animals fed with con...

background valproic acid is widely used as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug in the treatment of epilepsy. determination of serum valproic acid is required in epilepsy therapy for efficient control of seizures. objectives in the present study, the gas chromatography method was applied to determine serum valproic acid and resulting data were compared with those obtained by high perform...

After its investigation of cross-contamination from arthroscopic shavers, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an alert to hospitals about medical device reprocessing methods. In response to this, a team of risk management and instrument room personnel at a university hospital undertook a project that tested the manufacturer's recommended cleaning methods for surgical instruments with the...

Many radiologists are not familiar with the names of various instruments, surgical sponges, and needles that may be seen on intraoperative and postoperative radiographs. These devices may be intentionally placed for localization or therapeutic intervention, discovered on radiographs obtained to evaluate incorrect sponge or needle counts, or incidentally encountered on postoperative radiographs....