INTRODUCTION The asthma- and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related morbidity has been increasing during the recent years. Both asthma and COPD are diseases of inflammatory etiology. The increasing interest in the pathomechanisms involved in the development of obstructive pulmonary diseases seems to be fully justified. Recent research has attempted to determine the associations of...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe clinical condition characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and premature death (Figure 1). Its prevalence ranges from 15 to 50 patients per million population and it affects a relatively young patient population (average age of 50 years) when compared with the more co...

Atmospheric aerosols are one of the main pollutants which harmful to human health and environment. emitted from different sources sizes depending upon size aerosol particle, it deposits in parts body cause varying problems. Fine Particulate (PM2.5) is associated with more severe consequences than coarse particulate (PM10) might be short-term acute symptoms like coughing, shortness breath, wheez...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities. A few decades ago, it was considered an exclusive skin disease but today it is considered a multisystem disease. It is believed that 73% of psoriasis patients have at least one comorbidity. Studies have demonstrated the association of psoriasis with inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, psychiatric disorders, meta...

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers has been an important concern in past decade. We studied the risk factors responsible for more severe Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Identifying them would help to work against progression to more severe disease as well as prevention. METHODS A prospective cross sectional study was done in outpatient clinic of Jinnah po...

AIMS This paper was a report of the synthesis of evidence on examining the origins and definitions of the concept of resilience, investigating its application in chronic illness management and exploring its utility as a means of understanding family caregiving of adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. BACKGROUND Resilience is a concept that is becoming relevant to understanding ho...

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex and highly surface active material composed of lipids and proteins which is found in the fluid lining the alveolar surface of the lungs. Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse at low lung volume, and preserves bronchiolar patency during normal and forced respiration (biophysical functions). In addition, it is involved in the protection of the lungs from injuries...

Benign tracheal tumors are rare, recurrent papillomatosis being the most common. They often simulate obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients with benign tracheal tumors often undergo long-term treatment for such diseases, without any improvement, Therefore, these tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients pr...

background: we sought to determine the frequency of the risk factors for congestive cardiac failure (ccf) in a tertiary care hospital in peshawar, pakistan. methods: this retrospective, observational study was conducted in the department of cardiology, postgraduate medical institute, lady reading hospital peshawar, from march 2005 to september 2007. relevant information regarding the risk facto...

Cigarette combustion has the potential to generate over 7000 chemicals, majority of which are reactive free radicals that known trigger pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic responses. Numerous contemporary investigations have proposed pathophysiological cellular mechanisms underlying release extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response cigarette smoke (CS) may serve as pathways for CS-induced pathogen...