The presentation of peptides to T cells by MHC class II molecules is of critical importance in specific recognition by the immune system. Expression of class II molecules is exquisitely controlled at the transcriptional level. A large set of proteins interact with the promoters of class II genes. The most important of these is CIITA, a master controller that orchestrates expression but does not...

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II transactivator (CIITA) acts as a master switch to activate expression of the genes required for MHC-II antigenpresentation. During B-cell to plasma cell differentiation, MHC-II expression is actively silenced but the mechanism has been unknown. In plasma cell tumors such as multiple myeloma the repression of MHC-II is associated with the loss ...

Melanoma cells commonly express MHC class II molecules constitutively. This is a rare, or possibly unique, phenotype for a nonprofessional antigen-presenting cell, where MHC class II expression ordinarily occurs only after IFN-gamma treatment. Despite the fact that constitutive expression of MHC class II on melanoma cells has been observed for decades and that the regulation of the MHC class II...

conclusions some results of the correlation coefficients are not the same with visualization. the reason may be due to the small number of data. materials and methods in the foundation-application study, we constructed two-way gene networks using nonparametric methods, such as spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and blomqvist’s measure, and compared them with pearson’s correlation coefficie...

Eighteen human histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified, and according to their sequence similarity to yeast homologs, these enzymes are grouped into distinct classes. Within class II, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, and HDAC9 share similar domain organization both within the N-terminal extension and the C-terminal catalytic domain, thus forming a subclass known as class IIa. These HDACs function...

Innate and adaptive immunity are connected via antigen processing and presentation (APP), which results in the presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells in the complex with the major histocompatibility (MHC) determinants. MHC class II (MHC II) determinants present antigens to CD4+ T cells, which are the main regulators of the immune response. Their genes are transcribed from compact promote...

GM-CSF stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors and also affects mature cell function. These effects have led to the use of GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant with promising results; however, the mechanisms underlying GM-CSF-mediated immune potentiation are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the immune stimulatory role of GM-CSF i...

Among interferon (IFN) inducible antiviral factors both tripartite motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22) and class II transactivator (CIITA) share the capacity of repressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral transcription. TRIM22 is constitutively expressed in a subset of U937 cell clones poorly permissive to HIV-1 replication, whereas CIITA has been shown to inhibit virus mul...

Tightly regulated expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes is critical for the immune system. A conserved regulatory module consisting of four cis-acting elements, the W, X, X2 and Y boxes, controls transcription of MHC class II genes. The X, X2, and Y boxes are bound, respectively, by RFX, CREB, and NF-Y to form a MHC class II-specific enhanceosome complex. The latte...

introduction: cryptorchidism has been proved to cause apoptosis in germ cells in respond to changes in the stimulation levels of specific physiological events. the purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment of bilateral cryptorchidism was associated with alterations in testicular gene expression. methods: to induce bilateral cryptorchid model, immature mice were anesthetized and a...