An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a repetitive epitope on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum was used in Kenya to assess malaria infections in Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus. The ELISA confirmed that 88% of 44 sporozoite-positive gland dissections were P. falciparum. The ELISA infection rate of 18.6% (n = 736) fo...

Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in Belize, Central America, were examined for human Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout Belize and three of 11,966 were positive from a longitudinal study in Caledonia, no...

A CD4+ T cell clone (A1.6) was derived from spleen cells of mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites. This T cell clone recognizes an antigen that is shared by sporozoites and blood forms of Plasmodium berghei and differs from the circumsporozoite protein. Clone A1.6 displays cytotoxic activity, produces IFN-gamma and IL-2 in vitro, and recognizes the plasmodial antigen in the context of the ...

Immunization with irradiated sporozoites is currently the most effective vaccination strategy against liver stages of malaria parasites, yet the mechanisms underpinning the success of this approach are unknown. Here we show that the complete development of protective CD8+ T cell responses requires prolonged antigen presentation. Using TCR transgenic cells specific for the malaria circumsporozoi...

Plasmodium sporozoites display circumsporozoite (CS) protein on their surface, which is involved in the attachment of sporozoites to liver cells. CS protein is a member of the thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) domain family and possess a single copy of TSR domain toward its carboxyl terminus. We show by a direct measurement the correlation between the binding activity of various segments of th...

Humoral immunity to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein is partly mediated by a polymorphic NANP tetra-amino acid repeat. Antibody response to these repeats is the best correlate of protective immunity to the RTS,S malaria vaccine, but few descriptions of the natural variation of these repeats exist. Using capillary electrophoresis to determine the distribution of NANP repeat size po...