In order to protect the living environment and effectively control harmful gas composition in basement of civil air defense wartime, this paper studies pollutants a project Jinan by CFD numerical simulation technology, simulates CO 2 concentration distribution under three different forms defense. The results show that when second-class shelter reaches high-density population environment, condit...

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As of 2021, the European Union (EU) is now a foundational part Europe’s defense architecture, with programmes such as PESCO enabling EU to organise civil-military responses crise and coordinate defense-planning cycles 25 countries. This article asks why member states have opted use enable their capabilities manage ongoing security crises? In answering this question, uses pluralistic reading, ut...

BACKGROUND Search and rescue (SAR) is a component of emergency and disaster response. SAR teams are limited in number; thus, collecting information on their characteristics may facilitate the establishment of mutual agreement protocols between countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the Turkish Civil Defense SAR Units. METHODS This descriptive study was c...