Spatially disaggregate ward level data for England is used in an analysis of various area-wide factors on road casualties. Data on 8414 wards was input into a geographic information system that contained data on land use types, road characteristics and road casualties. Demographic data on area-wide deprivation (the index of multiple deprivation) for each ward was also included. Negative binomia...

BACKGROUND The biomarker profile of trauma patients may allow for the creation of models to assist bedside decision making and prediction of complications. We sought to determine the utility of modeling in the prediction of bacteremia and pneumonia in combat casualties. METHODS This is a prospective, observational trial of patients with complex wounds treated at Walter Reed National Military ...

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and relationships between the amount of time spent in physical activity and abdominal muscle endurance among the cadets and civilian students. Methods: In this study, a total of 191 male participants (19.7±0.9 years; 63.1±7.5 kg; 169.3±4.8 cm) from the National Defense University of Malaysia (NDUM) volunteered to ...

BACKGROUND The total number, rates, and causes of mortality in Kosovo during the last war remain unclear despite intense international attention. Understanding mortality that results from modern warfare, in which 90% of casualties are civilian, and identifying vulnerable civilian groups, are of critical public-health importance. METHODS In September 1999 we conducted a two-stage cluster surve...

BACKGROUND Medical lessons learned from Vietnam and previous military conflicts led to the development of civilian trauma systems in the United States. Operation Iraqi Freedom represents the first protracted, large-scale, armed conflict since the advent of civilian trauma systems in which to evaluate a similar paradigm on the battlefield. METHODS Collaborative efforts between the joint milita...

OBJECTIVE To explore the psychological consequences of improvised explosive device (IED) exposure as IEDs have been the greatest threat to UK military personnel in Afghanistan though the mental health consequences of IED exposure are largely unknown. METHOD Deployed UK military personnel completed a survey while deployed in Afghanistan. Combat personnel and those dealing specifically with the...

Medical planning for Operation Iraqi Freedom included predictive models of expected number of burn casualties. In all but the best-case scenario, casualty estimates exceeded the capacity of the only Department of Defense burn center. Examination of existing federal-civilian disaster plans for military hospital augmentation revealed that bed availability data were neither timely nor accurate. Re...

INTRODUCTION Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Of patients arriving to trauma centers, patients requiring massive transfusion (MT, >or=10 units in 24 hours) are a small patient subset but are at the highest risk of mortality. Transfusion of appropriate ratios of blood products to such patients has recently been an area of interest to both the civilian and military me...

Military experience and recent in vitro laboratory data provide a biological rationale for whole-blood use in the treatment of exsanguinating hemorrhage and have renewed interest in the reintroduction of fresh whole blood and cold-stored whole blood to patient care in austere environments. There is scant evidence to support, in a field environment, that a whole blood-based resuscitation strateg...

In hospitals with low morale among nurses, Revans8 found that patients had slower recovery rates, suggesting that the quality of care given to patients was adversely affected by the nurses' attempts to deal with their own anxiety. In the event of war, members of the AMS would experience the psychological problems of civilian doctors and nurses. They would also be exposed to many of the stressor...