Plant communities in northern Quebec-Labrador, Canada have been severely grazed and trampled since the early 1980s by the increasingly large George River caribou herd (GRCH). To evaluate changes in species dominance associated with caribou disturbance, we compared past and present ground vegetation from 14 lichen woodlands. Plant remains from superficial organic horizons indicate that ground ve...

Extreme desiccation and irradiation increase the formation of reactive oxygen species in organisms. Lichens are highly resistant to potential damage, but it is not known whether biochemical interaction between their fungal and algal partners is involved in conferring stress tolerance. Here, we show that antioxidant and photoprotective mechanisms in the lichen Cladonia vulcani are more effective...

Cladonia foliacea (CF) is a type of lichen belonging to the Cladoniaceae family, used as traditional medicine for various diseases. It known that CF has strong antioxidant and antidiabetic effects originating from secondary components. However, bioactivity significantly affected by extraction conditions such temperature, liquid/solid ratio, solvent type/concentration. Herein, parameters (temper...

The complex Cladonia mediterranea belongs to the section Impexae and is formed by C. azorica, C. macaronesica and C.mediterranea. These species are basically distributed in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian Regions. In the present work the limits between the species of this complex are re-examined. To this end, the morphological characters were studied along with the secondary metabolites and ...

Prescribed fire is one of the most widely-used management tools to recover encroached rangelands. Fire has been reported cause changes in soil physical and chemical properties. However, legacy effects former plant species on responses remains unknown. The effect extant carbon (C) nitrogen (N) fractionation distribution after prescribed burning topsoil (0–5 cm 5–10 cm) was investigated Mediterra...

The presence of typical plant-type N-glycans (eg, M3FX, Gn2M3FX, and Le(a)2M3FX) in mosses, ferns, and other organisms was examined to determine which plant initially acquired glycosyltransferases to produce plant-type N-glycans during organic evolution. No M3FX-type N-glycan was detected in lichens (Cladonia humilis) or in any one of the three preland plants Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva pertus...

Sarcosine is an amino acid apparently not widely distributed in Nature. As a free amino acid, sarcosine has been demonstrated in the radial caeca of the starfish Astropecten aurantiacus (Kossel & Edlbacher, 1915), in the muscles of Elasmobranchii (Tarr, 1958) and in the reindeer moss, Cladonia itlvatica (Linko, Alfthan, Miettinen & Virtanen, 1953). Sarcosine has been found bound in peptides in ...