Objective(s): Integrons, as a potential element in the distribution and maintenance of drug resistance, have thoroughly been established. It is known that the high prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates has become a serious public health concern. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of different classes of integrons in clinical isolat...

Object Oriented Database Systems should allow their objects to play multiple roles and to change roles in their lifetime. We describe a data model, based on classes, is-a hierarchies, and complex types, that allows objects to belong to several classes, so to play multiple roles. Then we propose a declarative query language to access objects from multiple perspectives, and an update language to ...

There are planar class 2 graphs with maximum vertex-degree k, for each k ∈ {2, 3, 4, 5}. In 1965, Vizing proved that every planar graph with ∆ ≥ 8 is class 1. He conjectured that every planar graph with ∆ ≥ 6 is a class 1 graph. This conjecture is proved for ∆ = 7, and still open for ∆ = 6. Let k ≥ 2 and G be a k-critical planar graph. The average face-degree F (G) of G is 2 |F (G)| |E(G)|. Let...

A CMOS class AB current mirror whose supply requirements are restricted to one threshold voltage plus three saturation voltages is presented. The circuit uses two poly resistors and two auxiliary differential amplifiers to achieve low-voltage operation, as well as control of quiescent currents and input bias voltage. A design example is implemented in a 0.5-μm standard technology and uses a 1-V...

The concept of dynamic class methods in Java, constituting a specialization of a general new programming language concept called dynamic routines, is introduced and applied to a simple case study. Its advantages over standard object-oriented programming techniques including design patterns are demonstrated. Furthermore, an implementation of dynamic class methods as a precompiler-based language ...

We prove that every element of the mapping class group g has linear growth (confirming a conjecture of N. Ivanov) and that g is not boundedly generated. We also provide restrictions on linear representations of g and its finite index subgroups.