This paper examines the hypothesis that embedded Verb Second (EV2), a classic main clause phenomenon, is licensed by assertion. Based on detailed examination of naturally occurring data from Swedish, I address two central questions in study EV2: interpretation V2-complements, and role matrix predicate licensing V2-complements. propose EV2-clauses best characterized terms statement they share co...

It is generally assumed that ellipsis requires certain parallelism between the clause containing the ellips is and some antecedent clause. We argue that the parallelism requirement generated by ellipsis must be applied in accordance with discourse structure: a matching antecedent clause must be found that locally c-commands the clause containing the ellipsis in the discourse tree. We show that ...

In this article, the so-called wh-relative clause construction is investigated. The German wh-relative clauses are syntactically relevant as they show both, root clause and subordinate clause properties. They matter semantically because they are introduced by a wh-anaphor that has to be resolved by an appropriate abstract entity of the matrix clause. Additionally, the wh-relative clause constru...

ing over the relative tense inside the subordinate (marked) clause produces a property of times that can combine with the main (unmarked) clause through set intersection (or predicate modification; Heim & Kratzer 1998:65), as long as it is adjoined low enough to combine with another property of times. This is much like the semantic composition of a temporal adjunct clause (see, for instance, vo...

in arabic, the letter “vav” (meaning and) is normally not used to indicate a causal function between a main clause and a subordinate clause of purpose beginning with “causal lam mansoub” and a present verb. for example, “(this is) a book which we have revealed to you that you may bring forth men, by their lord’s permission form utter darkness into light.” this structure is prescribed in standar...

Considerable progress in local search has recently been made in using clause weighting algorithms to solve satisfiability benchmark problems. While these algorithms have outperformed earlier stochastic techniques on many larger problems, this improvement has generally required extra, problem specific, parameters requiring fine tuning to problem domains for optimal run-time performance. In a pre...

Abstract The increasing importance of the Common European Framework Reference (CEFR) has led to research on linguistic characteristics its levels, as this would help application CEFR in design teaching materials, courses, and assessments. This study investigated whether levels can be distinguished with reference syntactic complexity (SC). 14- 17-year-old Finnish learners English (N=397) wrote t...

The paper discusses the syntactic-semantic and contextual features of a nonpredicate formal structure as an exponent basic temporal clause. It is type condensation extensive (developed) dependent sentence form that has no either nominalization or verbid processes summarizing structures, i.e. their propositions. reduction, special process in which certain elements are omitted ? rule, predicate c...

In this article, the so-called wh-relative clause construction is investigated. The German wh-relative clauses are syntactically relevant as they show both, root clause and subordinate clause properties. They matter semantically because they are introduced by a wh-anaphor that has to be resolved by an appropriate abstract entity of the matrix clause. Additionally, the wh-relative clause constru...