With the end of the Cold War the international security environment changed fundamentally. The removal of the superpower conflict saw an initial wave of hope and cuts in military spending, but it quickly became clear that the world was still a dangerous place, and war and conflict remained endemic in many parts of the world. Conflicts had changed; in general they were intra rather than intersta...

The operational environments for humanitarian international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) are conflict zones and situations of natural and man-made disasters. To INGOs, these are defined as “humanitarian crises.” Post-conflict situations present far less clear-cut choices for humanitarian INGOs. This article queries whether humanitarian crises continue into postconflict periods. Clearl...

The ability of a military to respond to environmental changes rather than rigidly adhere to previously defined concepts of operation is paramount to overcoming unforeseen battlefield technological challenges. A force with the greater capacity for learning and adaptation will possess significant advantages in overcoming unforeseen challenges. However, it is unclear as to what determines the flex...

The present study attempts to analyze Iraq war against Iran based on Parsons' subsystems. The main question aims at finding the social positive/negative functions of the war. According to the studies, the first effect of the war was damaging behavioral organism subsystem so that it couldn't realize its functions. Subsequently, the chaos spread to the personality subsystem. Except for the qualit...

In 1992 neurophysiologists [20] found a new type of cells in areas V1 and V2 of the monkey primary visual cortex, which they called grating cells. These cells respond vigorously to a grating pattern of appropriate orientation and periodicity. Three years later a computational model inspired by these findings was published [9]. The study of this paper is to create a grating cell operator that ha...

This study aims to achieve a semiotic understanding of collective memory of the Iran-Iraq war. For this purpose, samples of images in virtual social networks shared in response to the news of discovery and return of the bodies of more than 175 divers have been analyzed. Visual signs in photographs, cartoons, graphic designs, prints, paintings and posters, in methods of historical pictures and f...

background the long-term consequences and the activities of daily living of bilateral lower limb amputatees are not well documented. objectives our study identifies the long-term effects of bilateral lower extremity amputations on daily activities to understand how these amputees cope with their mobility assistive devices. materials and methods a total of 291 veterans of war with bilateral lowe...

1. introduction tarikh-e baihaqi has been most often read as a seminal work of literature; by virtue of this fact, a great deal of its merits has been eclipsed. in this very research, the extent of demonstrating the prominence of war and military related issues will go under a close scrutiny. the prime assertion of this research states that tarikhe-e beihaqi presents a panoramic view of war and...