Fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are novel tissues that have been reported in the mesenteric and mediastinal fat tissue of mouse human. It plays role progression respiratory intestinal inflammation parasitic infestations. However, their occurrence chicken air sacs adipose has not yet identified. Here we investigated distribution FALCs (cervical, clavicular, thoracic, abdominal) healthy ...

purpose: to report a case of enophthalmos secondary to complete globe dislocation into the maxillary sinus due to orbital fracture. patient and findings: an 18-year-old man was referred to labafinejad hospital, one week after a car accident. at initial examination, the globe was not seen within the right orbit. a large floor fracture and globe luxation into the right maxillary sinus were confir...

BACKGROUND The deltoid muscle (DM) plays an essential role in retaining the stability and correct function of the upper limb. The aims of the study were to perform a detailed morphological analysis of the DM including its innervation, structure, attachments and relationship with adjacent structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 17 formalin-fixed cadavericupper limbs. Aft...

background: trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation and perilunate dislocations are among uncommon injuries, most commonly seen in young patients due to high energy trauma. the treatment can be achieved either surgically by open reduc tion and internal fixation or closed reduction and casting.   methods: to compare surgical versus non-operative results of treatment of trans-scaphoid peri...

BACKGROUND Horizontal instability impairs clinical outcome following acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reconstruction and may be caused by insufficient healing of the superior acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC). However, characteristics of acute ACLC injuries are poorly understood so far. Purposes of this study were to identify different ACLC tear types, assess type-specific prevalence...

BACKGROUND There are only a few studies with long-term follow-up of distal clavicular injuries in children and their treatment is not clearly defined. The purpose of our study is to suggest a new classification system according to the fracture pattern and the degree of the displacement, to evaluate the long-term follow-up and also to propose an algorithm for treatment. METHODS We conducted a ...

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to derive the normal limits of a new ECG lead system aimed at enhancing the amplitude of atrial potentials through the use of bipolar chest leads. METHODS Sixty healthy male subjects, mean age 38.85±8.76 years (range 25 to 58 years) were included in this study. In addition to a standard 12-lead ECG, a modified limb lead (MLL) ECG was recorded for 60 se...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week scapular upward rotation exercise (SURE) on scapular and clavicular alignment and scapular upward rotators strength in subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome (SDRS). Seventeen volunteer subjects with SDRS were recruited from university populations. The alignment of the scapula and clavicle was measured using radiogr...