In fishes, cleaning is a mutualistic behavior wherein a species will remove and consume ectoparasites from other organisms. More than two-thirds of cleaner fishes display this behavior predominately as juveniles and discontinue cleaning as adults; such species are here referred to as 'facultative cleaners'. Whether allometric changes in morphological traits coincide with ontogenetic shifts away...

A simple vacuum-cleaner agent is introduced in Russell and Norvig’s artificial intelligence (AI) text [Russell and Norvig, 2003] to illustrate different agent types to beginning AI students. Underlying the different agent types are several simple actions that take place in a vacuum cleaner world consisting of a grid of squares, some of which contain dirt. The agent’s actions include turning lef...

Miniaturized mobile microrobots have opened new applications from biomedical to environmental fields. Among various types of microrobots, recent progress on highly performing planar type could offer a good compromise between the manufacturability and functionality promising for practical applications. The remaining challenges are guarantee their sustainable operations in unclean wet environment...

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse habitats in the world, yet our understanding of the processes affecting their biodiversity is limited. At the local scale, cleaner fish are thought to have a disproportionate effect, in relation to their abundance and size, on the activity of many other fish species, but confirmation of this species' effect on local fish diversity has proved elusive. The ...