if an air flow is injected into a liquid fluid, many ambulant air bubbles are formed inside the fluid. air bubbles move inside the liquid fluid because of the buoyancy force, and the mobility of these air bubbles makes sizable commixture and turbulence inside the fluid. this mechanism was employed to enhance the heat transfer rate of a horizontal double pipe heat exchanger in this paper. howeve...

The dispersion of heavy particles and pollutants is often simulated with Lagrangian stochastic (LS) models. Although these models have been employed successfully over land, the free surface at the air-sea interface complicates the implementation of traditional LS models. We present an adaptation of traditional LS models to the atmospheric marine boundary layer (MBL), where the bottom boundary i...

Themountainous Caribbean island of Dominica was chosen as a natural laboratory for studying orographic convection in the tropics. Here, the authors focus on a prototypical case study, taken from the Dominica Experiment (DOMEX) field campaign in the spring of 2011. Airborne measurements and high-resolution numerical experiments are used to examine the mesoscale dynamics of moist airflow over Dom...

The collision efficiency of sedimenting cloud droplets in a turbulent air flow is a key input parameter in predicting the growth of cloud droplets by collision–coalescence. In this study, turbulent collision efficiency was directly computed, using a hybrid direct numerical simulation (HDNS) approach (Ayala et al 2007 J. Comput. Phys. 225 51–73). The HDNS results show that air turbulence enhance...

[1] Estuarine near‐surface turbulence is important for transport, mixing, and air‐water exchanges of many important constituents but has rarely been studied in detail. Here, we analyze a unique set of estuarine observations of in situ atmospheric and full water column measurements, estimated air‐sea exchanges, and acoustic measurements of several terms in the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budg...

Optimal control of enclosed environment requires detailed information of air distribution that could be obtained by numerically solving Navier-Stokes equations with a suitable turbulence model. This investigation evaluated the performance of eight turbulence models for transient airflow in enclosed environment using experimental data obtained in a room. The study used the room to create three c...