In response to brief glutamate exposure, NMDA receptors produce excitatory currents that have sub-maximal amplitudes and characteristically slow kinetics. The activation sequence starts when glutamate binds to residues located on the upper lobe of extracellularly located ligand-binding domains (LBDs) and then contacts lower lobe residues to bridge the cleft between the two hinged lobes. This ev...

UNLABELLED This study aimed to obtain epidemiological data of birth incidences of cleft lips and/or cleft palates (CLP) in the Thai population with associated risk factors. METHODS The data were collected for a period of 12 months between 2003 and 2004 for infants' deliveries with CLP and associated risk factors in all hospitals of 6 provinces from 4 regions of Thailand. The birth incidence, ...

The incidence of cleft lip in CL/Fr mouse is 18-2500. The purpose of this study is to clarify the cause of cleft lip in CL/Fr mouse using whole embryo culture system which is a useful technique in studying the development of mammalian embryos in vitro. We examined the incidence of cleft lip in CL/Fr and F, mouse embryo (male CL/Fr x female C57BL/6) in vitro. The embryos were explanted on day 10...

In order to assess the association of alleles for candidate genes with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, DNA samples from 43 Japanese patients were compared with those from 73 control subjects with respect to the genes encoding transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), TGFbeta and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor beta3 (GABRB3). The restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the 3...

BACKGROUND Nasalance is used to evaluate the velopharyngeal incompetence in clinical diagnoses using a nasometer. The aim of this study is to find the nasalance differences between Vietnamese cleft palate children and Korean cleft palate children by measuring the nasalance of five oral vowels. METHODS Ten Vietnamese cleft palate children after surgery, three Vietnamese children for the contro...

OBJECTIVE To analyse hospital admissions in the first 2 years of life among children with cleft lip and/or palate in England. DESIGN Analysis of national administrative data of hospital admissions. SETTING National Health Service hospitals. PATIENTS Patients born alive between 1997 and 2008 who underwent surgical cleft repair. OUTCOME MEASURES Number of admissions, including the birth e...

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital anomalies. The incidence is approximately 1 : 500 to 1 : 550 births [1]. The group of orofacial anomalies is heterogeneous. It comprises “typical” orofacial clefts ((cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and cleft palate only (CP)) and “atypical” clefts (median, transversal, oblique and other Tessier’s types of facial clefts)[1]....

INTRODUCTION Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Patients presenting with orofacial clefts often require surgery or other complex procedures. A cleft lip or palate can be a single anomaly or a part of multiple congenital anomalies. The reported prevalence of cleft disease and associated anomalies varies widely across the literature, and is dependent on the diagnosti...

In this paper I propose a new analysis of the English cleft in which the cleft clause is a restrictive relative clause adjoined to the clefted XP. I provide evidence showing that both ‘matching’ and ‘raising’ derivations are possible, that the initial it of clefts is not an expletive, and that the cleft clause undergoes obligatory extraposition to VP. Taken together, this evidence favours the p...

We present a case of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) secondary to olfactory cleft inflammation in a 65-year-old man. He had a 10-year history of PPP. Computed tomography showed an abnormal intensity that corresponded to chronic inflammatory sinusitis in the right maxillary and ethomoidal sinuses, and obstruction of the olfactory cleft. After administration of intranasal steroid drops, the olfacto...