Dispersed nickel sulfate NiSO4 microclusters on Si substrates were fragmented by pulsed excimer laser irradiation to serve as catalysts for carbon nanotube/nanofiber CNT/CNF growth. At proper fluences, NiSO4 clusters were pulverized into nanoparticles. The sizes of clusters/nanoparticles were found to be dependent on laser fluence and laser pulse number. By increasing the laser fluence from 100...

Carbonaceous materials have great potential for applications as anodes of alkali-metal ion batteries, such as Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries (NIB and KIBs). We conduct an in situ study of the electrochemically driven sodiation and potassiation of individual carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CNFs are hollow and consist of a bilayer wall with an outer l...

Carbon nanofiber (CNF), as one of the most important members of carbon fibers, has been investigated in both fundamental scientific research and practical applications. CNF composites are able to be applied as promising materials in many fields, such as electrical devices, electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors and as sensors. In these applications, the electrical conductivity is...

In order to better understand SAT-based planning and, more broadly, the good performance of current DPLL-based SAT solvers on real-world instances, we design three CNF formula families, two of which are derived from synthetic planning domains. The formulas are parameterized both in their size and in the amount of inherent structure. We investigate DPLL search tree size via the intermediate noti...

We investigate the space complexity of refuting 3-CNFs in Resolution and algebraic systems. We prove that every Polynomial Calculus with Resolution refutation of a random 3-CNF φ in n variables requires, with high probability, Ω(n) distinct monomials to be kept simultaneously in memory. The same construction also proves that every Resolution refutation φ requires, with high probability, Ω(n) cl...

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/cellulose composite nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning a MWNT/cellulose acetate blend solution followed by deacetylation. These composite nanofibers were then used as precursors for carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The effect of nanotubes on the stabilization of the precursor and microstructure of the resultant CNFs were investigated using thermogravime...

In this study, carbon nano-fibers (CNFs) were used to increase the compressive properties of poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) foams. The polymer composite pellets were produced by melt blending the PAES resin with CNFs in a single screw extruder. The pellets were saturated and foamed with water and CO2 in a one-step batch process method. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used to ...

One key barrier to converting woody biomass to biofuel through the sugar platform is the low efficiency of enzymatic cellulose saccharification due to the strong recalcitrance of the crystalline cellulose. Significant past research efforts in cellulosic biofuels have focused on overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses to enhance the saccharification of the recalcitrant cellulose. However...

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) supported by Pd and Pd-Sn electro-catalysts were prepared the chemical reduction method using ethylene glycol as reducing agent. Their physicochemical characteristics studied high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Bruanaer-Em...

There has been significant interest over recent years in the production and application of sustainable green materials. Among these, nanocellulose incurred great because its exceptional properties wide range potential applications, including Pickering emulsions. However, cost these cellulosic materials limited their application. In this study, capability a new type cheaper material, cellulose f...