Neuromyelitis optica (NMO or Devic's syndrome) is a rare demyelinating disease of the CNS that predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves and shares many clinical and radiological features with multiple sclerosis (MS). The association of NMO with autoimmune thyroiditis has been reported very rarely. Early differentiation between NMO and MS is very important because they have differe...

flammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878– 886. 4. Rodriguez M, Karnes WE, Bartleson JD, Pineda AA. Plasmapheresis in acute episodes of fulminant CNS inflammatory demyelination. Neurology 1993;43:1100–1104. 5. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983;13:227–231. 6. Wingerchuk DM, Hog...

Some strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) can induce chronic inflammatory demyelination in mice that mimics certain pathological features of multiple sclerosis. We have examined neural cell tropism of demyelinating and nondemyelinating strains of MHV in order to determine whether central nervous system (CNS) cell tropism plays a role in demyelination. Previous studies demonstrated that recomb...

Brain and spinal cord repair is a very difficult task in view of the extremely limited repair capability of the mature central nervous system (CNS). Thus, cellular therapies are regarded as a new frontier for both acute and chronic neurological diseases characterized by neuron or oligodendroglia degeneration. Although cell replacement has been considered as the primary goal of such approaches, ...

A patient was admitted for fever and acute respiratory failure (ARF), rapidly progressive tetraparesis, delirium, behavioral abnormalities, and diplopia. Leukocytosis and a rise in C-reactive protein were present. A syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was also diagnosed. Lumbar puncture yielded colorless CFS with mononuclear pleocytosis and protein rise. Electrodia...

Central pain syndrome (CPS) is defined as pain associated with a lesion of the CNS and is a common consequence of spinal cord injuries. We generated a rodent model of CPS by making unilateral electrolytic or demyelinating lesions centered on the spinothalamic tract in rats. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia occurred in both hind paws and forepaws by 7 d postlesion and were maintaine...

The central nervous system demyelinating diseases are a group of disorders with different etiologies, characterized by inflammatory lesions that are associated with loss of myelin and eventually axonal damage. In this group the most studied ones are multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optic (NMO) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The cerebrospinal fluid is essential to differe...

In neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, the physiological function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is perturbed, particularly in demyelinating lesions and supposedly secondary to acute demyelinating pathology. Using the toxic non-inflammatory cuprizone model of demyelination, we demonstrate, however, that the onset of persistent BBB impairment precedes demyelination. In addi...

Epidemiology findings show that exposure to urban air pollutants as a source of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is associated with the Central Nervous System (CNS) demyelinating diseases, such Multiple Sclerosis (MS). An autoimmune response involving increased inflammation demyelination in CNS leads pathophysiology MS, which more common adult young females. Particulate Matter (PM), inclu...

1Department of Neurology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan 2Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan 3Department of Community Network and Collaborative Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto,...