Presymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) treatment in children with a late isolated first bone marrow (BM) relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was based on intermediate-dose systemic and intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) in the multicenter trial, ALL-REZ BFM 85. Because this was associated with an excess of overt second CNS relapses, cranial radiotherapy (cRT) plus prolonged trip...

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) are a group of disorders with different aetiologies, characterized by inflammatory lesions. These disorders include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM). Differential diagnosis of the CNS IDDs still remains challenging due to frequent overlap of cl...

The accurate identification of small numbers of leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presents a diagnostic problem in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We demonstrated that soluble CD9 antigen was shed into CSF obtained from children with ALL, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which used the activity of CD9 antigen to bind the Ricinus communis agglut...

Central nervous system (CNS) infiltration in a case of promyelocytic leukemia Sir, CNS infiltration is occasionally seen in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); it is usually associated with those cases that present a monocytic component. Some investigators propose cranial irradiation for all AML patients not undergoing bone marrow transplantation, in order to prevent recurrence of the initial dis...

To the Editor: There remains a lack of consensus regarding efficacy high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) prophylaxis to reduce risk central nervous system (CNS) relapse in newly diagnosed patients with systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The clinical controversy reflects high-quality evidence supporting optimal strategies, coupled poor outcomes who experience CNS relapse. Interest this a...

s Kulkarni et al, 2010 45 (8.46) 24 21 22 (48.8) 18 (40.0) 5 (11.2) NA NA Case reports Bhatti et al, 2010 1 10 1 (gut) 1 yes died Kulkarni et al, 2009 1 5 1 (O) 1 yes lost Radhakrishnan et al, 2009 1 10 1 1 yes died Wadhwa et al, 2007 1 4 1(+O) 1 yes NA Naithani et al, 2006 1 1 (O) 1 yes alive! Padmanjali et al, 2004 1 6 1 (bone) 1 no lost Geetha et al, 1999 1 4 1& 1 yes died Lodha et al, 1998 ...

Presenting features and natural history were assessed in 48 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia less than 2 years of age at diagnosis. Of these, 16 were less than 1 year (group 1) and 32 were between 1 and 2 years (group 2). Results were compared with a group of 348 children between the ages of 2 and 14 years (group 3) diagnosed over the same period. The children in group 1 presented wi...

Reliable biomarkers are needed to avoid diagnostic delay and its devastating effects in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL). We analysed the discriminating sensitivity specificity of myeloid differentiation response (88) (MYD88) L265P mutation (mut-MYD88) interleukin-10 (IL-10) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both newly diagnosed (n = 36) relapsed 27) PCNSL 162 control...

Contemporary combined therapies that include the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic compounds have reduced relapse rates from ~50 to <10% in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients, however relapse treatment remains controversial. Treatment outcomes in relapsed patients with APL previously treated with combined ATRA + arsenic compound therapy were investigated. A retrospectiv...

PURPOSE In patients with acute leukemias, a lymphoid phenotype, the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), and inadequate central nervous system (CNS)-directed prophylactic therapy are risk factors for CNS involvement. Imatinib mesylate has promising single-agent antileukemic activity in patients with advanced Ph(+) acute leukemias. It was the aim of this analysis to determine the incidenc...