background: as children comprise a considerable proportion of our population, the importance of local epidemiologic research and geographic and racial differences can’t be disputed on childhood malignancies. methods: in this descriptive retrospective study, we extensively reviewed the medical records of patients younger than 15 years of age, diagnosed with solid malignant tumors, from 1996 to 2...

The adhesive interaction between tumor cells and the host cells or the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis. To evaluate the mediation of cell adhesion by Daphne mucronata, an anti-cancer medicinal plant in Iranian folk medicine, the adhesion of thrombin activated human platelets to the cultured monocytes or HL-60 cells was investigated under the effect of the plant ext...

Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) presents a unique immunological environment with restricted infiltration of immune cells from the periphery. Since much is unknown about CNS-infiltrating during infection, we utilized attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine strain TC83 (VEEV-TC83) to study T cell responses this viral infection. VEEV-TC83 intracranial (IC) infection wild-...

Viruses invade susceptible cells through a complex mechanism before injecting their genetic material into them. This causes direct damage to the host cell, as well resulting in disease corresponding system. Echovirus type 30 (E30) is member of Enterovirus B group and has recently been reported cause central nervous system (CNS) disorders, leading viral encephalitis meningitis children. In this ...

T hrombin is a key enzyme in hemostasis and thrombosis, regulating proand anticoagulant reactions by interacting with other coagulation proteins and cellular receptors. Thrombin also carries out a plethora of biologically relevant actions that link to other complex biological processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Thrombin is therefore likely to be involved in can...

We used 55 Ala-scanned recombinant thrombin molecules to define residues important for inhibition by the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) heparin cofactor II (HCII) in the absence and presence of glycosaminoglycans. We verified the importance of numerous basic residues in anion-binding exosite-1 (exosite-1) and found 4 additional residues, Gln24, Lys65, His66, and Tyr71 (using the thrombin nu...

Thrombin orchestrates cellular events after injury to the vascular system and extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues. The pathophysiological response to thrombin is mediated by protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the nervous system that is identical to the thrombin receptor in platelets, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells...

The coagulation cascade is a complex biochemical network replete with regulatory reactions and cellular contributions. The behavior of the system cannot necessarily be predicted intuitively from the existing state-of-the-art biochemical knowledge of the individual reactions. Knowledge of the reaction kinetics of the components in this complex system has major implications for an understanding o...