Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylenes, are basic building blocks for petrochemicals. Further, these olefins are also useful for production of clean fuels such as alkylates – which have high octanes but no sulfur, olefins, and aromatics – or as octaneenhancers such as ethers. The conventional olefin production process is steam cracking of C2−C4 light paraffins from natural gas...

Our previous work suggested a role for oligomerization in regulating dopamine transporter (DAT) internalization, with d-amphetamine dissociating DAT oligomers and monomers being endocytosed. This model was put to detailed testing in the present work with the use of DAT constructs differentially tagged with Myc or Flag, reversal of tags in co-immunoprecipitation and cross-linking assays, and app...

PDZ domains bind to the carboxyl-termini of target proteins, and some PDZ domains are capable of oligomerization to facilitate the formation of intracellular signaling complexes. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF-1; also called "EBP50") and its relative NHERF-2 (also called "E3KARP", "SIP-1", and "TKA-1") both have two PDZ domains. We report here that the PDZ domains of NHERF-1 ...

The addition of aryl groups to unactivated olefins represents a direct approach to C!C bond construction. Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with alkenes, the Heck reaction, offers a viable approach to arylation. However, terminal unactivated olefins often display low reactivity in Heck reactions and can yield mixtures of styrenes and allyl arenes owing to poor regiocontrol in the b-hydride ...

The mechanistic aspects of ethylene addition to MO2(CH2)(CH3) (M=Co, Rh, Ir) have been investigated with a Hartree-Fock/DFT hybrid functional at the MO6/LACVP* and B3LYP/LACVP* levels of theory to elucidate the reaction pathways on the singlet, doublet and triplet potential energy surfaces (PES). In the reaction of the IrO2CH2CH3 complex with ethylene, [3 + 2]C,O addition is the most plausible ...

Dimerization or oligomerization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a novel concept, which may lead to the reevaluation of the actions of pharmacological ligands, hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators acting on GPCRs. Although a large number of data obtained using different biophysical, biochemical and structural methods, and functional approaches argue for dimerization or olig...

The functionalization of internal olefins has been a challenging task in organic synthesis. Efficient CuII-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of internal olefins, that is, α-oxoketene dithioacetals, has been achieved by using Cu(OH)2 as a catalyst and TMSCF3 as a trifluoromethylating reagent. The push-pull effect from the polarized olefin substrates facilitates the internal olefinic C-H trifluorome...

The mechanism of catalytic hydroarylation of olefins by the homogeneous Ru(Tp)(CO)(Ph)(NCCH3) catalyst recently reported by Gunnoe et al. is characterized using quantum mechanics (density functional theory). The catalytic cycle features two key steps, 1,2-olefin insertion and C-H activation via an unusual mechanism, oxidative hydrogen migration. We find that these two key steps are competitive ...