Hypercapnia-induced arousal from sleep is an important protective mechanism pertinent to a number of diseases. Most notably among these are the sudden infant death syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Serotonin (5-HT) plays a significant role in hypercapnia-induced arousal. The mechanism of 5-HT's role in this protective response is unknown. Here we sought ...

The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 (CO2-ODP) is a promising technology for the efficient production propene in tandem reduction to CO. However, rational design high-performance catalysts this green process still challenged by limited understanding nature active sites and reaction mechanism. In work, effects SnO2 promoter on Pt/CeO2 activity selectivity CO2-ODP are elucidated thro...

A newly designed inverted batch reactor equipped with a pressure-driven feeding system was built for investigating the kinetics of syngas during the steam hydrogasification (SHR) of biomass. The system could instantly load the feedstock into the reactor at high temperature and pressure, which simulated the way to transport the feedstock into a hot and pressurized gasifier. Experiments were cond...

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been investigated over 5% Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transfer Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to probe the reaction adsorbates which showed that activation CO2 involves generation intermediate methoxy species formate ingredients, participating in elementary steps DMC formation. Forma...

Most marine teleosts defend blood pH during high CO2 exposure by sustaining elevated levels of HCO3(-) in body fluids. In contrast to the gill, where measures are taken to achieve net base retention, elevated CO2 leads to base loss in the intestine of marine teleosts studied to date. This loss is thought to occur through transport pathways previously demonstrated to be involved with routine osm...

Rapid stomatal closure induced by changes in the environment, such as elevation of CO2, reduction of air humidity, darkness, and pulses of the air pollutant ozone (O3), involves the SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1). SLAC1 is activated by OPEN STOMATA1 (OST1) and Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases. OST1 activation is controlled through abscisic acid (ABA)-induced inhibition of type 2 protein phosphatas...

From density functional theory calculations, we elucidated the reaction mechanism of CO2 reduction on silicene nanoflakes. According to results, monoflakes present a notable catalytic activity for hydrogenation CO2. The most probable energetically favorable pathway is formic acid and formaldehyde production, with energy barriers ranging between 16 24.1 kcal/mol. At same time, transforming carbo...

Dysrhythmias of breathing occur in several clinical disorders, but their mechanistic basis is obscure. To understand their pathophysiology, factors responsible for the variability of breathing need to be defined. We studied the effect of hyperoxic hypercapnia (CO2) on the variational activity of breathing in 14 volunteers before and after delivering CO2 nonobstrusively via a plastic hood. Compa...

Among the metal organic framework materials proposed for CO2 separation, UTSA-16 possesses the highest CO2 volumetric density explained on the basis of favourable interactions between CO2 and structural water molecules in the material, as revealed by neutron diffraction. In this study, UTSA-16 was synthesised and extensively characterised by XRD, TEM combined with EDX analysis and DR-UV-Vis, Ra...

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 using renewable sources of electrical energy holds promise for converting CO2 to fuels and chemicals. Since this process is complex and involves a large number of species and physical phenomena, a comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling product distribution is required. While the most plausible reaction pathway is usually identified from quantum-c...