Obesity is an important contributor to the risk of developing insulin resistance, diabetes, and heart disease. Alterations in tissue levels of malonyl-CoA have the potential to impact on the severity of a number of these disorders. This review will focus on the emerging role of malonyl-CoA as a key "metabolic effector" of both obesity and cardiac fatty acid oxidation. In addition to being a sub...

initially high but declined as HMG-CoA reductase became activated. Glucagon prevented the loss of activity, whereas insulin promoted inactivation of the enzyme. Similar affects on the activity of HMG-CoA reductase kinase. and the state of phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase in liver have been reported after injection of rats with glucagon (Beg el al., 1979). Thus insulin and glucagon have conc...

methylmalonic acidemia (mma) is usually caused by a deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-coa mutase (mcm), a defect in the transport or synthesis of its cofactor, adenosyl-cobalamin (cbla, cblb, cblc, cblf, cbld, and cblx), or deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-coa epimerase. a comprehensive diagnostic approach involves investigations of metabolites with tandem mass spectrometry, organic ...

1. The CoA and carnitine esters of 2-bromopalmitate are extremely powerful and specific inhibitors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. 2. 2-Bromopalmitoyl-CoA, added as such or formed from 2-bromopalmitate, inhibits the carnitine-dependent oxidation of palmitate or palmitoyl-CoA, but not the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine, by intact liver mitochondria. 3. 2-Bromopalmitoylcarnitine inhibits ...

Pseudomonas putida is able to grow on malonate as a sole source of carbon and energy. Malonate decarboxylase is a key enzyme catabolizing malonate to acetate and CO2. The enzyme consists of the five different subunits, (60 kDa), (33 kDa), (28 kDa), (13 kDa), and (30 kDa). The smallest subunit is an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) possessing 2'-(5"-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA as a prosthetic gro...

The in vivo coenzyme A intermediates involved in the metabolic pathway in which vitamin B,t serves as a coenzyme (conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA) were measured in the livers of control and B12-deprived animals. Succinyl-CoA was assayed by the succinate thiokinase arsenolysis of succinyl-CoA coupled with 5’,5’-dithiobis(Znitrobenzoic acid) measurement of the liberated coenzyme A...

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase catalyses the condensation of acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to form HMGCoA plus free CoA. The activity of HMG-CoA synthase is located in two different compartments: the cytosol and the mitochondria. The HMG-CoA produced by cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase is transformed into mevalonate by the action of HMG-CoA reductase, thus starting the ...

cu-Isopropylmalate synthase (EC 4.1.3.12) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to a purity of about 95%. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 127,000, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and by intersubunit cross-linking. Under denaturing conditions, one major species (95%) with molecular weight of about 65,000 is obtained. The dimeric structure of the...

Achieving minimum cost and time in reservoir drilling requires evaluating the effects of the drilling parameters on the penetration rate and constructing a drilling rate estimator model. Several drilling rate models have been presented using the drilling parameters. Among these, the Bourgoyne and Young (BY) model is widely utilized in order to estimate the penetration rate. This model relates s...