Enormous progress has been made in coal pyrolysis research during the last decade. Models of coal devolatilization have progressed from simple rate expressions based on total mass release's to empirical relationships based on the elemental composition of the parent coal3 to models that attempt to describe the macromolecular network of the ~ o a l . ~ ~ Measurements of particle temperature durin...

BACKGROUND Coal tar and bitumen have been historically used to coat the insides of cast iron drinking water mains. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may leach from these coatings into the drinking water and form a potential health risk for humans. OBJECTIVE We estimated the potential human cancer risk from PAHs in coated cast iron water mains. METHOD In a Dutch nationwide study, we co...