To study the effects of perinatal HIV-1 infection and early institutional rearing on the physical and cognitive development of children, 64 Ukrainian uninfected and HIV-infected institutionalized and family-reared children were examined (mean age = 50.9 months). Both HIV infection and institutional care were related to delays in physical and cognitive development, with a larger effect of the re...

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Much is known about family-friendly workplaces. This article examines the less understood familyfriendliness of the communities in which dual-earner couples reside. Using data from a representative sample of dual-earner couples (N1⁄4 727) in upstate New York, we examine how individual, couple, and neighborhood characteristics are associated with perceptions of community family-friendliness. Usi...

Methods: Starting from Piaget’s classical approach to the sensorimotor and symbolic developmental stages, the study moved toward a socio-material interpretation in which some patterns of interaction involving object manipulation seem to create a space that supports adult–child communication. In videotaped observations of verbal and nonverbal signs during an (organized) free play session, each c...

Previous research reveals that 9-month-old infants who passively observe an experimenter search repeatedly for a toy in the Piagetian A-not-B error task covertly imitate these actions and manually search incorrectly when the toy is hidden in the B-location. Two experiments tested whether infants would also search incorrectly if the experimenter was replaced by a pair of mechanical claws or if t...

We examined the relation between cognitive development and fear, anxiety, and behavioral inhibition in a non-clinical sample of 226 Dutch children aged 4-9 years. To assess cognitive development, children were tested with Piagetian conservation tasks and a Theory-of-Mind (TOM) test. Fears were measured by means of a self-report scale completed by the children, while anxiety symptoms and behavio...

Steps for Better Thinking, provides a useful conceptual framework for developmental learning as well as providing appropriate curricular strategies for helping students’ transition from one stage to the next. Conceptually, students require the foundational skills or knowledge base necessary in order to successfully transition from one developmental level to the next. Further, this foundational ...

In the past years, efforts in the field of Software Process Improvement were increasingly focusing on human aspects making one aware that people participating in the processes have a high impact on the success of any improvement. Applying the usability methodology to these problems is a promising new approach to dealing with the people issues in Software Process Improvement. This approach build...

Social interactions in infancy have implications for long-term outcomes. This study uses data from a sample of 1412 rural Chinese infants aged 6–12 and 24–30 months to examine the relationship between peer interactions and cognitive development. Over 75% of the infants in this sample had less than three peers and around 20% had no peers in both periods. The prevalence of cognitive delays is hig...

Developmental research is enhanced by use of multiple methodologies for examining psychological processes. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient and relatively inexpensive method for the study of developmental changes in brain-behavior relations. In this review, we highlight some of the challenges for using EEG in cognitive development research. We also list best practices for incorpor...