In this paper propagation of combined laser beam through atmosphere is investigated. Laser beam is combined via lens array arrangement. Turbulence is considered as an affecting factor of atmosphere and its effects on transverse coherence length (Fried parameter), peak intensity, propagation efficiency, and spot size of the laser beam is investigated. Coherent and incoherent combined beam are co...

the effects of including incoherent (bound-electron) and coherent (rayleigh) scattering in exposure buildup factor calculations for point isotropic gamma ray sources, penetrating a two-layer water-lead shield have been investigated in the gamma ray energy (e?) range of 40 kev to 3 mev. incoherent scattering decreases the values of these factors in both layers up to e? ~ 200 kev and the effect i...

An experimental study is conducted on three ½ scales, single-story, single-bay, frame specimens. The first specimen was a reinforced concrete frame with solid-brick infill. The second specimen was a reinforced concrete frame with hollow clay perforated-brick infill. The last specimen was a reinforced concrete frame without any infill. These three specimens were tested by pseudostatic method. Di...

Frame theory is often credited with "bringing ideas back in" social movement studies, but frames are not the only useful ideational concepts. The older, more politicized concept of ideology needs to be used in its own right and not recast as a frame. Frame theory is rooted in linguistic studies of interaction, and points to the way shared assumptions and meanings shape the interpretation of eve...

Frame theory is often credited with “bringing ideas back in” to the study of social movements, but frames are not the only useful ideational concepts. In particular, the older, more politicized concept of ideology needs to be used in its own right and not recast as a frame. Frame theory is rooted in linguistic studies of interaction, and points to the way shared assumptions and meanings shape t...

Digital watermarking was introduced during the last decade as a complementary technology to protect digital multimedia data. Watermarking digital video material has already been studied, but it is still usually regarded as watermarking a sequence of still images. However, it is well-known that such straightforward frame-by-frame approaches result in low performance in terms of security. In part...

What is the primary function of consciousness in the nervous system? The answer to this question remains enigmatic, not so much because of a lack of relevant data, but because of the lack of a conceptual framework with which to interpret the data. To this end, we have developed Passive Frame Theory, an internally coherent framework that, from an action-based perspective, synthesizes empirically...

We investigate the question of independent and coherent production of pions in high energy processes. A model for coherent production is suggested and the restrictions due to momentum conservation, charge conservation, and isospin conservation are dealt with in detail. A formalism for the isospin analysis of identical pions is developed and applied to coherent states. Results and consequences a...